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Norovirus

From Wikipedia
norovirus
taxon
Nicknamevirus des navires de croisière Edit
Taxon nameNorovirus Edit
Taxon rankgenus Edit
Parent taxonCaliciviridae, Picornavirales Edit
Taxonomic typeNorwalk virus Edit
Has effectgastroenteritis Edit
Studied bywastewater surveillance Edit
Has hostmammal, human Edit

Norovirus, dem sanso know as Norwalk virus wey sam times dem refer to as de winter vomiting disease, be de most common cause of gastroenteritis.[1][2] Infection be characterized by non-bloody diarrhea, vomiting, den stomach pain.[3][4] Fever anaa headaches sanso fi occur.[3] Symptoms usually dey develop 24 hours after e be exposed, den recovery typically dey occur within one to three days.[3] Complications be uncommon, buh fi include dehydration, especially insyd de young, de old, den those plus oda health problems.[3]

De virus usually be spread by de fecal–oral route.[4] Dis fi be thru contaminated chow anaa water anaa person-to-person contact.[4] E sanso fi spread via contaminated surfaces anaa thru air from de vomit of an infected person.[4] Risk factors dey include unsanitary food preparation den dey share close quarters.[4] Diagnosis generally be based on symptoms.[4] Confirmatory testing no be usually available buh fi be performed by public health agencies during outbreaks.[4]

Prevention dey involve proper hand washing den disinfection of contaminated surfaces.[5] Der be no vaccine anaa specific treatment for norovirus.[5][6] Management dey involve supportive care such as drinking sufficient fluids anaa intravenous fluids.[6] Oral rehydration solutions be de preferred fluids to drink, although oda drinks widout caffeine anaa alcohol fi help.[6] Hand sanitizers wey based on alcohols tend to be ineffective against noroviruses secof dem be non-enveloped, although sam virus genotypes be more susceptible.[7]

Norovirus dey result in about 685 million cases of disease den 200,000 deaths globally a year.[2][8] E be common both insyd de developed den developing world.[4][9] Those under de age of five be most often affected, den insyd dis group e dey result in about 50,000 deaths insyd de developing world.[2] Norovirus infections dey occur more commonly during winter months.[2] E often dey occur insyd outbreaks, especially among those wey dey live insyd close quarters.[4] Insyd de United States, e be de cause of about half of all foodborne disease outbreaks.[4] Dem name de virus after de city of Norwalk, Ohio, wer na an outbreak occur insyd 1968.[10]

References

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  1. ↑ "Norovirus (vomiting bug)". nhs.uk. 2017-10-19. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Norovirus Worldwide". CDC (in American English). 15 December 2017. Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Norovirus Symptoms". CDC (in American English). 24 June 2016. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Brunette GW (2017). CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel. Oxford University Press. p. 269. ISBN 9780190628611. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  5. 1 2 "Preventing Norovirus Infection". CDC (in American English). 5 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 "Norovirus – Treatment". CDC. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  7. ↑ Park, Geun Woo; Collins, Nikail; Barclay, Leslie; Hu, Liya; Prasad, B. V. Venkataram; Lopman, Benjamin A.; Vinjé, Jan (23 June 2016). "Strain-Specific Virolysis Patterns of Human Noroviruses in Response to Alcohols". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0157787. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157787. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4919085. PMID 27337036.
  8. ↑ "Global Burden of Norovirus and Prospects for Vaccine Development" (PDF). CDC. August 2015. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  9. ↑ Nguyen GT, Phan K, Teng I, Pu J, Watanabe T (October 2017). "A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis in developing countries". Medicine. 96 (40) e8139. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008139. PMC 5738000. PMID 28984764.
  10. ↑ Vesikari, Timo (2021). "25. Norovirus vaccines in pipeline development". In Vesikari, Timo; Damme, Pierre Van (eds.). Pediatric Vaccines and Vaccinations: A European Textbook (in English) (Second ed.). Switzerland: Springer. pp. 289–292. ISBN 978-3-030-77172-0.
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