Ntcham language

language, modern language
Subclass of	Gurma
Country	Ghana, Togo
Indigenous to	Northern Region, Kara Region
Writing system	Ntcham Braille
Ethnologue language status	5 Developing

Ntcham, anaa Basari, be a language of de Gurma people insyd Togo den Ghana. Akaselem (Tchamba) be frequently listed as a separate language.

Phonology

De phonology dem use by Chanard den Hartell be given below. Na Abbott den Cox (1966) get a similar phonology, though na de non labial-velar voiceless plosives be analyzed as aspirated, wey na vowel length no be distinguished.^[1] Badie (1995) dey analyze /t͡ʃ/ den /d͡ʒ/ as /c/ den /ɟ/ den sanso dey include phonemic /ɱ/, vowel lengths, den nasalized vowels.^[2]

Consonants

Consonants^[3]
		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labial-<br id="mwNw"><br>velar
Plosive/Affricate	voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	kp
Plosive/Affricate	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	g	gb
Fricative		f	s
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋm
Trill			r
Approximant			l	j		w

Vowels

Vowels^[3]
	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Close-mid	eː	oː
Open-mid		ɔ
Open	a

Tones

Ntcham sanso get high, low, den mid tones.^[3]

Writing System

Ntcham Alphabet
Majuscules	A	B	C	D	EE	F	G	GB	I	J	K	KP	L
Minuscules	a	b	c	d	ee	f	g	gb	i	j	k	kp	l

Majuscules	M	N	NY	Ŋ	ŊM	OO	Ɔ	P	S	T	U	W	Y
Minuscules	m	n	ny	ŋ	ŋm	oo	ɔ	p	s	t	u	w	y

Long vowels be indicated by doubling de letter ‹aa, ii, ɔɔ, uu› den two vowels always be long ‹ee, oo›. De tones be represented by acute accents for high tone den grave accents for low tone, on de vowels den de consonants m, n, b, l : ‹ḿ, ń, b́, ĺ›, ‹m̀, ǹ, b̀, l̀›.

References

↑ Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Abbott, Mary; Cox, Monica (1966). Collected field reports on the phonology of Basari. University of Ghana.
↑ Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Badie, Manglibè Joseph (1995). Contribution a une etude morphosyntaxique du N'cam (PhD thesis). University of Paris VII.
1 2 3 Chanard, Christian; Hartell, Rhonda L. (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (AA)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24.

[1] Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Abbott, Mary; Cox, Monica (1966). Collected field reports on the phonology of Basari. University of Ghana.

[2] Green, Christopher; Moran, Steven (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (GM)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24., citing Badie, Manglibè Joseph (1995). Contribution a une etude morphosyntaxique du N'cam (PhD thesis). University of Paris VII.

[Phoible-2019-3] 1 2 3 Chanard, Christian; Hartell, Rhonda L. (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). "Ntcham sound inventory (AA)". PHOIBLE. 2.0. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Retrieved 2024-09-24.

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