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Oseltamivir

From Wikipedia
oseltamivir
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofEthyl 4-acetamido-5-amino-3-pentan-3-yloxycyclohexene-1-carboxylate Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₆H₂₈N₂O₄ Edit
Canonical SMILESCCC(CC)OC1C=C(CC(C1NC(=O)C)N)C(=O)OCC Edit
Isomeric SMILESCCC(CC)O[C@@H]1C=C(C[C@@H]([C@H]1NC(=O)C)N)C(=O)OCC Edit
Active ingredient inEbilfumin, Tamiflu Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary nameoseltamivir Edit
Found insyd taxonIsatis tinctoria, Glycyrrhiza inflata, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis Edit
Medical condition treatedsusceptibility to severe influenza, swine influenza, influenza Edit
Route of administrationoral administration Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category B1, US pregnancy category C Edit

Oseltamivir, dem sell under de brand name Tamiflu among odas, be an antiviral medication dem use to treat den prevent influenza A den influenza B, viruses wey dey cause de flu.[1] Chaw medical organizations dey recommend am insyd people wey get complications anaa dem be at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection.[2] Dem dey recommend am to prevent infection insyd those at high risk, buh no be de general population.[2] De Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) dey recommend say clinicians use dema discretion to treat those at lower risk wey present within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection.[2][3][4] Dem dey take am by mouth, either as a pill anaa liquid.[1]

Recommendations wey dey regard oseltamivir be controversial as be criticisms of de recommendations.[2][5][6][7] Na a 2014 Cochrane Review conclude say oseltamivir no dey reduce hospitalizations, den dat der be no evidence of reduction insyd complications of influenza.[7] Na two meta-analyses conclude say benefits insyd those wey be oda wise healthy no dey outweigh ein risks.[8][9] Dem sanso find little evidence wey dey regard whether treatment dey change de risk of hospitalization anaa death insyd high risk populations.[8][9] However, na anoda meta-analysis find say na oseltamivir be effective for prevention of influenza at de individual den household levels.[10]

Common side effects dey include vomiting, diarrhea, headache, den trouble sleeping.[1] Oda side effects fi include psychiatric symptoms den seizures.[1][11][12] Insyd de United States, e be recommended for influenza infections during pregnancy.[13] Na a small number of pregnant women take am widout signs of problems.[13] Dose adjustment fi be needed insyd those plus kidney problems.[1]

Na dem approve oseltamivir for medical use insyd de US insyd 1999.[1] Na e be de first neuraminidase inhibitor available by mouth.[14] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines buh na dem downgrade am to "complementary" status insyd 2017.[15][16][17] Na dem approve a generic version insyd de US insyd 2016.[18][19] Insyd 2023, na e be de 250th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 1 million prescriptions.[20][21]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Oseltamivir Phosphate Monograph for Professionals". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "CDC Recommendations for Influenza Antiviral Medications Remain Unchanged". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 10 April 2014. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  3. ↑ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2 June 2014). "New and updated evaluations of neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza published". Archived from the original on 2 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir for the treatment of influenza". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  5. ↑ "IDSA Continues to Recommend Antivirals for Influenza". Archived from the original on 24 April 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  6. ↑ Brownlee S (19 February 2013). "Tamiflu: Myth and Misconception". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  7. 1 2 Butler D (April 2014). "Tamiflu report comes under fire". Nature. 508 (7497): 439–40. Bibcode:2014Natur.508..439B. doi:10.1038/508439a. PMID 24759392.
  8. 1 2 Michiels B, Van Puyenbroeck K, Verhoeven V, Vermeire E, Coenen S (2013). Jefferson T (ed.). "The value of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza: a systematic review of systematic reviews". PLOS ONE. 8 (4) e60348. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...860348M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060348. PMC 3614893. PMID 23565231.
  9. 1 2 Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J (April 2013). "Effectiveness of oseltamivir in adults: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished clinical trials". Family Practice. 30 (2): 125–33. doi:10.1093/fampra/cms059. PMID 22997224.
  10. ↑ Okoli GN, Otete HE, Beck CR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS (9 December 2014). "Use of neuraminidase inhibitors for rapid containment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual and household transmission studies". PLOS ONE. 9 (12) e113633. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k3633O. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113633. PMC 4260958. PMID 25490762.
  11. ↑ Wang K, Shun-Shin M, Gill P, Perera R, Harnden A (April 2012). Harnden A (ed.). "Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (4) CD002744. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002744.pub4. PMC 6599832. PMID 22513907.
  12. ↑ Jefferson T, Jones M, Doshi P, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Heneghan CJ (April 2014). "Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments". BMJ. 348 g2545. doi:10.1136/bmj.g2545. PMC 3981975. PMID 24811411.
  13. 1 2 "Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  14. ↑ Agrawal R, Rewatkar PV, Kokil GR, Verma A, Kalra A (July 2010). "Oseltamivir: a first line defense against swine flu". Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (4): 247–251. doi:10.2174/1573406411006040247. PMID 20843284.
  15. ↑ World Health Organization (2017). The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2017 (including the 20th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 6th Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/259481. ISBN 978-92-4-121015-7. WHO technical report series;1006. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  16. ↑ Ebell MH (July 2017). "WHO downgrades status of oseltamivir". BMJ. 358 j3266. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3266. PMID 28701339. S2CID 206916214. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  17. ↑ World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. doi:10.2471/B09474. hdl:10665/382243. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  18. ↑ "The FDA approves first generic version of widely used influenza drug, Tamiflu". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  19. ↑ "Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  20. ↑ "The Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 17 August 2025. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
  21. ↑ "Oseltamivir Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
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