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Osteoarthritis

From Wikipedia
osteoarthritis
bone disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofarthritis, degenerative disorder of musculoskeletal system, disease Edit
Health specialtyfamily medicine, orthopedics, rheumatology Edit
Symptoms and signsarthritis Edit
Possible treatmentGene therapy for osteoarthritis Edit
ICD-9-CM715.3 Edit
ICPC 2 IDL91 Edit

Osteoarthritis be a type of degenerative joint disease wey dey result from breakdown of joint cartilage den underlying bone.[1][2] A form of arthritis, e be believed to be de fourth leading cause of disability insyd de world, plus an estimated 240 million people worldwide having activity-limiting osteoarthritis.[3][4] De most common symptoms be joint pain den stiffness.[5] Usually de symptoms progress slowly over years.[5] Oda symptoms fi include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, den, wen de back be affected, weakness anaa numbness of de arms den legs.[5] De most commonly involved joints be de two near de ends of de fingers den de joint at de base of de thumbs, de knee den hip joints, den de joints of de neck den lower back.[5] De symptoms fi interfere plus work den normal daily activities.[5] Unlike sam oda types of arthritis, de joints per, no be internal organs, be affected.[5]

Possible causes dey include previous joint injury, abnormal joint anaa limb development, den inherited factors.[5][6] Risk be greater insyd those wey be overweight, dem get legs of different lengths, anaa jobs wey result in high levels of joint stress.[5][6][7] Osteoarthritis be believed to be caused by mechanical stress on de joint den low grade inflammatory processes.[8] E dey develop as cartilage be lost wey de underlying bone cam be affected.[5] As pain fi make am difficult to exercise, muscle loss fi occur.[6][9] Diagnosis typically dey base on signs den symptoms, plus medical imaging den oda tests dem use to support anaa rule out oda problems.[5] In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis, insyd osteoarthritis de joints no cam be hot anaa red.[5]

Treatment dey include exercise, decreasing joint stress such as by rest anaa use of a cane, support groups, den pain medications.[10][11] Weight loss fi help in those wey be overweight.[10] Pain medications fi include paracetamol (acetaminophen) as well as NSAIDs such as naproxen anaa ibuprofen.[10] Long-term opioid use no be recommended secof lack of information on benefits as well as risks of addiction den oda side effects.[10][11] Joint replacement surgery fi be an option if der be ongoing disability despite oda treatments.[6] More dan 90% of hip den knee joint replacements be secof osteoarthritis. An artificial hip anaa knee joint typically dey last more dan 20 years.[4]

Osteoarthritis be de most common form of arthritis, wey dey affect about 237 million people anaa 3.3% of de world ein population as of 2015.[12][13] It becomes more common as people age.[10] Among those over 60 years old, about 10% of males den 18% of females be affected.[6] Osteoarthritis be de cause of about 2% of years dem live plus disability.[13] Those plus osteoarthritis of de hips anaa knees (de most commonly affected large joints) get a 20% increased risk of mortality, possibly secof reduced activity levels.[4]

References

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  1. ↑ Arden N, Blanco F, Cooper C, Guermazi A, Hayashi D, Hunter D, Javaid MK, Rannou F, Roemer FW, Reginster JY (2015). Atlas of Osteoarthritis. Springer. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-910315-16-3. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "A National Public Health Agenda for Osteoarthritis 2020" (PDF). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 27 July 2020.
  3. ↑ Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S (April 2019). "Osteoarthritis". Lancet. 393 (10182): 1745–1759. Bibcode:2019Lanc..393.1745H. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30417-9. PMID 31034380.
  4. 1 2 3 Katz, Jeffrey N.; Arant, Kaetlyn R.; Loeser, Richard F. (9 February 2021). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review". JAMA. 325 (6): 568–578. Bibcode:2021JAMA..325..568K. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22171. PMC 8225295. PMID 33560326.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Osteoarthritis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Glyn-Jones S, Palmer AJ, Agricola R, Price AJ, Vincent TL, Weinans H, Carr AJ (July 2015). "Osteoarthritis". Lancet. 386 (9991): 376–387. Bibcode:2015Lanc..386..376G. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60802-3. PMID 25748615. S2CID 208792655.
  7. ↑ Vingård E, Englund M, Järvholm B, Svensson O, Stenström K, Brolund A, Hall C, Kedebring T, Kirkeskov L, Nordin M (1 September 2016). Occupational Exposures and Osteoarthritis: A systematic review and assessment of medical, social and ethical aspects. SBU Assessments (Report). Graphic design by Anna Edling. Stockholm: Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). p. 1. 253 (in Swedish). Retrieved 8 April 2018.
  8. ↑ Berenbaum F (January 2013). "Osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease (osteoarthritis is not osteoarthrosis!)". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 21 (1): 16–21. Bibcode:2013OsCar..21...16B. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.012. PMID 23194896.
  9. ↑ Conaghan P (2014). "Osteoarthritis – Care and management in adults". Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Osteoarthritis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  11. 1 2 McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Arden NK, Berenbaum F, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hawker GA, Henrotin Y, Hunter DJ, Kawaguchi H, Kwoh K, Lohmander S, Rannou F, Roos EM, Underwood M (March 2014). "OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 22 (3): 363–388. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003. PMID 24462672.
  12. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  13. 1 2 March L, Smith EU, Hoy DG, Cross MJ, Sanchez-Riera L, Blyth F, Buchbinder R, Vos T, Woolf AD (June 2014). "Burden of disability due to musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 28 (3): 353–366. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2014.08.002. PMID 25481420.
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