Oxycodone
| Subclass of | morphinan alkaloid  |
|---|---|
| Get use | Medication |
| Stylized name | oxyCODONE, OxyCONTIN |
| Discoverer or inventor | Martin Freund, Edmund Speyer |
| Time of discovery anaa invention | 1916 |
| Chemical formula | C₁₈H₂₁NO₄ |
| Canonical SMILES | CN1CCC23C4C(=O)CCC2(C1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4C(=O)CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC5=C3C(=C(C=C5)OC)O4)O |
| World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name | oxycodone |
| Found insyd taxon | Papaver somniferum |
| Medical condition treated | pain, substance abuse, fibromyalgia, injury |
| Legal status (medicine) | boxed warning |
| Pregnancy category | Australian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category B |
| Subject has role | opioid receptor agonist, opioid, narcotic, analgesic, essential medicine |
Oxycodone, dem sell under de brand name Roxicodone den OxyContin (wich be de extended-release form) among odas, be a semi-synthetic opioid dem use medically for de treatment of moderate to severe pain. E be highly addictive[1] wey e be a commonly abused drug.[2][3] Dem usually dey take am by mouth, wey e be available insyd immediate-release den controlled-release formulations.[2] Onset of pain relief typically dey begin within fifteen minutes den dey last for up to six hours plus de immediate-release formulation.[2] Insyd de United Kingdom, e be available by injection.[4] Combination products sanso be available plus paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, naloxone, naltrexone, den aspirin.[2]
Common side effects dey include euphoria, constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, dry mouth, den sweating.[2] Side effects sanso fi include addiction den dependence, substance abuse, irritability, depression anaa mania, delirium, hallucinations, hypoventilation, gastroparesis, bradycardia, den hypotension.[2] Those allergic to codeine sanso fi be allergic to oxycodone.[2] Use of oxycodone insyd early pregnancy dey appear relatively safe.[2] Opioid withdrawal fi occur if dem rapidly stop.[2] Oxycodone dey act by activating de μ-opioid receptor.[5] Wen dem take am by mouth, e roughly get 1.5 times de effect of de equivalent amount of morphine.[6]
Na dem originally produce oxycodone from de opium poppy opiate alkaloid thebaine insyd 1916 insyd Germany. One year later, na dem use am medically for de first time insyd Germany.[7] Oxycodone be a therapeutic alternative on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] E be available as a generic medication.[2] Insyd 2023, na e be de 49th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 13 million prescriptions.[9][10] A number of abuse-deterrent formulations be available, such as in combination plus naloxone anaa naltrexone.[3][11]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Remillard D, Kaye AD, McAnally H (February 2019). "Oxycodone's Unparalleled Addictive Potential: Is it Time for a Moratorium?". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 23 (2) 15. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0751-7. PMID 30820686. S2CID 73488265.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Oxycodone Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. AHFS. Archived from the original on 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
- 1 2 Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, LeQuang JA, Raffa RB (2018). "Managing severe pain and abuse potential: the potential impact of a new abuse-deterrent formulation oxycodone/naltrexone extended-release product". Journal of Pain Research. 11: 301–311. doi:10.2147/JPR.S127602. PMC 5810535. PMID 29445297.
- ↑ British national formulary : BNF 74 (74 ed.). British Medical Association. 2017. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-85711-298-9.
- ↑ Talley NJ, Frankum B, Currow D (10 February 2015). Essentials of Internal Medicine 3e. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 491–. ISBN 978-0-7295-8081-6.
- ↑ "Opioid Conversion / Equivalency Table". Stanford School of Medicine, Palliative Care. 20 April 2013. Archived from the original on 9 September 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ↑ Kalso E (May 2005). "Oxycodone". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 29 (5 Suppl): S47 – S56. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.010. PMID 15907646.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/382243.
- ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
- ↑ "Oxycodone Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 18 August 2025.
- ↑ Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, LeQuang JA, Raffa RB (2018). "Managing severe pain and abuse potential: the potential impact of a new abuse-deterrent formulation oxycodone/naltrexone extended-release product". Journal of Pain Research. 11: 301–311. doi:10.2147/JPR.S127602. PMC 5810535. PMID 29445297.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Coluzzi F, Mattia C (July–August 2005). "Oxycodone. Pharmacological profile and clinical data in chronic pain management" (PDF). Minerva Anestesiologica. 71 (7–8): 451–460. PMID 16012419. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2006.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- "Oxycodone". Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
