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Panic attack

From Wikipedia
panic attack
disease
Subclass ofmental disorder, panic Edit
Health specialtypsychiatry, clinical psychology Edit
ICPC 2 IDP74 Edit

Panic attacks be sudden periods of intense fear den discomfort wey fi include palpitations, otherwise dem define as a rapid, irregular heartbeat, sweating, chest pain anaa discomfort, shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, numbness, confusion, anaa a sense of impending doom anaa loss of control.[1][2][3] Typically, dese symptoms be de worst within ten minutes of onset wey fi last for roughly 30 minutes, though dem fi vary anywer from seconds to hours.[4][5] While they can be extremely distressing, panic attacks themselves are not physically dangerous.[6][7]

De Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) dey define dem as "an abrupt surge of intense fear anaa intense discomfort wey dey reach a peak within minutes den during wich time four anaa more of de following symptoms dey occur." Dese symptoms dey include, buh no be limited to, de ones dem mention above.[8]

Panic attacks dey function as a marker for assessing severity, course, den comorbidity (de simultaneous presence of two anaa more diagnoses) of different disorders, wey dey include anxiety disorders.[9] Hence, while panic attacks cannot be applied to all disorders found in the DSM, they are a common comorbidity.[10]

Panic attacks fi be caused by an identifiable source, anaa dem fi happen widout any warning den widout a specific, recognizable situation.[2] Sam known causes wey dey increase de risk of having a panic attack dey include medical den psychiatric conditions (e.g., panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, depression), substances (e.g., nicotine, caffeine), den psychological stress.[2][11]

Before making a diagnosis, physicians dey seek to eliminate oda conditions wey fi produce similar symptoms, such as hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), hyperparathyroidism (an overactive parathyroid), heart disease, lung disease, den dysautonomia, disease of de system wey dey regulate de body ein involuntary processes.[2][12]

Treatment of panic attacks for be directed at de underlying cause.[6] Insyd those plus frequent attacks, counseling anaa medications fi be used, as both preventative den abortive measures, ones wey dey stop de attack while e dey happen.[13] Breathing training den muscle relaxation techniques sanso fi be useful.[14]

Panic attacks often dey appear frightening to both those experiencing den those wey dey witness dem, den often, people sam times dey think dem get heart attacks secof de symptoms.[15][16] However, while dem no dey cause much immediate physical harm, dem fi be a predictive risk factor for cardiac den oda illnesses.

Na previous studies suggest dat those wey dey suffer from anxiety disorders (e.g., panic disorder) be at higher risk of suicide.[17]

Insyd Europe, approximately 3% of de population get a panic attack insyd a given year, while insyd de United States, dem affect about 11%.[18] Panic attacks be more commonly diagnosed insyd females dan males den often dey begin during late puberty anaa early adulthood.[18] Panic attacks fi continue on den off for a lifetime, anaa appear infrequently per. Young kiddies be less commonly affected.[18]

References

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  1. ↑ "Anxiety Disorders". NIMH. March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 214–217, ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8
  3. ↑ Lo, Yu-Chi; Chen, Hsi-Han (May 2020). "Shiau-Shian Huang Panic Disorder Correlates with the Risk for Sexual Dysfunction". Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 26 (3): 185–200. doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000460. PMID 32421290. S2CID 218643956.
  4. ↑ Bandelow, Borwin; Domschke, Katharina; Baldwin, David (2013). Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia (in English). OUP Oxford. p. Chapter 1. ISBN 978-0-19-100426-1. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
  5. ↑ Smith, Melinda; Robinson, Lawrence; Segal, Jeanne. "Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder". HelpGuide (in American English). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  6. 1 2 Geddes, John; Price, Jonathan; McKnight, Rebecca (2012). Psychiatry (in English). OUP Oxford. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-19-923396-0. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016.
  7. ↑ "International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical Characteristics, Diagnostic Criteria, and Pathophysiology". European Heart Journal. 39 (22): 2032–2046. 7 June 2018. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy076. PMC 5991216. PMID 29850871.
  8. ↑ Administration, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (June 2016). "Table 3.10, Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Criteria Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (in English). Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  9. ↑ Potter, Carrie M.; Wong, Judy; Heimberg, Richard G.; Blanco, Carlos; Liu, Shang-Min; Wang, Shuai; Schneier, Franklin R. (2014). "Situational panic attacks in social anxiety disorder". Journal of Affective Disorders. 167: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.044. ISSN 1573-2517. PMC 4119296. PMID 25082106.
  10. ↑ American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association. "Changes to the DSM-V to the DSM-V-TR" (PDF). Changes to the DSM V to DSM V-TR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  11. ↑ Craske, Michelle G; Stein, Murray B (December 2016). "Anxiety". The Lancet. 388 (10063): 3048–3059. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6. PMID 27349358. S2CID 208789585.
  12. ↑ Stewart, Julian M.; Pianosi, Paul; Shaban, Mohamed A.; Terilli, Courtney; Svistunova, Maria; Visintainer, Paul; Medow, Marvin S. (1 November 2018). "Hemodynamic characteristics of postural hyperventilation: POTS with hyperventilation versus panic versus voluntary hyperventilation". Journal of Applied Physiology. 125 (5): 1396–1403. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00377.2018. ISSN 8750-7587. PMC 6442665. PMID 30138078.
  13. ↑ "Panic Disorder: When Fear Overwhelms". NIMH. 2022. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Roth, Walton T. (January 2010). "Diversity of effective treatments of panic attacks: what do they have in common?". Depression and Anxiety. 27 (1): 5–11. doi:10.1002/da.20601. PMID 20049938. S2CID 31719106.
  15. ↑ Tully, Phillip J; Wittert, Gary A; Turnbull, Deborah A; Beltrame, John F; Horowitz, John D; Cosh, Suzanne; Baumeister, Harald (December 2015). "Panic disorder and incident coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol". Systematic Reviews (in English). 4 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0026-2. ISSN 2046-4053. PMC 4376084. PMID 25875199.
  16. ↑ "Panic Attack vs. Heart Attack: How to Tell the Difference". www.bidmc.org (in American English). Archived from the original on 2025-01-03. Retrieved 2025-05-26.
  17. ↑ Allan, Nicholas P.; Gorka, Stephanie M.; Saulnier, Kevin G.; Bryan, Craig J. (2023-04-01). "Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty: Transdiagnostic Risk Factors for Anxiety as Targets to Reduce Risk of Suicide". Current Psychiatry Reports (in English). 25 (4): 139–147. doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01413-z. ISSN 1535-1645. PMC 10064604. PMID 37000403.
  18. 1 2 3 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 214–217, ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8
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