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Phlegraean Fields

From Wikipedia
Phlegraean Fields
caldera, mountain range, volcanic field
Part ofCampanian volcanic arc Edit
Mountain rangeQ3618573 Edit
ContinentEurope Edit
CountryItaly Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydMetropolitan City of Naples Edit
Coordinate location40°49′37″N 14°8′20″E Edit
Highest pointSolfatara Edit
Heritage designationIUGS Geological Heritage Site Edit
Volcano observatoryVesuvius Observatory Edit
Category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of Campi Flegrei Edit
Map

De Phlegraean Fields (Italian: Campi Flegrei, Italian: [ˈkampi fleˈɡrɛi]; Neapolitan: Campe Flegree; Latin: Phlegraei campi; Ancient Greek: Φλεγραία Πεδία) be a large volcanic caldera west of Naples, Italy.[1] De Neapolitan Yellow Tuff eruption (about 12ka BP) produce just 50 cubic kilometers.[2] E be, however, one of relatively few volcanoes large enough to form a caldera. E be part of de Campanian volcanic arc, wich dey include Mount Vesuvius, about 9 km (6 miles) east of Naples. De Phlegraean Fields be monitored by de Vesuvius Observatory.[3] Dem build part of de city of Naples over am. De Phlegraean Fields ein largest known eruptions get an estimated volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 7. E be often called a supervolcano insyd popular media, although the accepted definition for dat term be a volcano wey get an eruption plus a VEI of 8, de highest level.

De area of de caldera dey consist of 24 craters den volcanic edifices. Chaw of dem lie under de Gulf of Naples. Der be effusive gaseous manifestations insyd de Solfatara crater, wich dem believe insyd ancient Rome to be de home of Vulcan, de god of fire.[4] De area dey feature bradyseismic phenomena, wich be most evident at de Macellum of Pozzuoli, dem misidentify by 18th-century excavators as a temple of Serapis: bands of boreholes left by marine molluscs on marble columns show say de level of de site in relation to sea level vary. Hydrothermal activity still fi be observed at Lucrino, Agnano den de town of Pozzuoli.

At present, de Phlegraean Fields area dey comprise de Naples districts of Agnano den Fuorigrotta, de area of Pozzuoli, Bacoli, Monte di Procida, Quarto, de Phlegraean Islands, Ischia, Procida den Vivara.

De Solfatara crater be accessible on foot til 2017 den dey contain chaw steam-emitting fumaroles den over 150 pools, at de last count, of boiling mud. Several subsidiary cones den tuff craters, one filled by Lake Avernus, lie within de caldera.

A 1911 map of de Phlegraean Fields
A topographic relief map of de Phlegraean Fields
A topographic relief map of de Gulf of Naples plus de Phlegraean Fields den Mount Vesuvius

References

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  1. ↑ "Questions About Supervolcanoes". Volcanic Hazards Program. USGS Yellowstone Volcano Observatory. 2015-08-21. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
  2. ↑ Scarpati, Claudio; Cole, Paul; Perrotta, Annamaria (1993). "The Neapolitan Yellow Tuff — A large volume multiphase eruption from Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy". Bulletin of Volcanology. 55 (5): 343–356. Bibcode:1993BVol...55..343S. doi:10.1007/BF00301145.
  3. ↑ "Campi Flegrei - stato attuale". Vesuvius Observatory. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  4. ↑ Kozák, Jan; Čermák, Vladimír, eds. (2010). "Phleghraean Fields". The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters. Dordrecht and Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. pp. 67–71. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_6. ISBN 978-90-481-3325-3. LCCN 2010920318.
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