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Pica (disorder)

From Wikipedia
pica
class of disease, mental disorder
Subclass ofeating disorder, disease Edit
Health specialtypsychiatry, psychology Edit
Symptoms and signseating Edit
ICD-9-CM307.52 Edit
ICPC 2 IDP11 Edit

Pica (/ˈpaɪkə/ PY-kə) be de psychologically compulsive craving anaa consumption of objects wey no be normally intended to be consumed.[1] E be classified as an eating disorder buh sanso fi be de result of an existing mental disorder.[2] De ingested anaa craved substance fi be biological, natural, anaa manmade. Dem draw de term directly from de Latin word for de Eurasian magpie, a bird subject to much folklore wey dey regard ein opportunistic feeding behaviors.[3]

According to de Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), pica as a standalone eating disorder for persist for more dan one month at an age wen eating such objects be considered developmentally inappropriate, no be part of culturally sanctioned practice, den sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention. Pica fi lead to intoxication insyd kiddies, wich fi result in an impairment of both physical den mental development.[4] In addition, e fi cause surgical emergencies to address intestinal obstructions, as well as more subtle symptoms such as nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency, as well as parasitosis.[4] Dem link pica to oda mental disorders. Stressors such as psychological trauma, maternal deprivation, family issues, parental neglect, pregnancy, den a disorganized family structure be risk factors give pica.[4][5]

Pica most commonly be seen insyd pregnant women,[6] small kiddies, den people wey fi get developmental disorders such as autism.[7] Kiddies wey dey chop painted plaster wey dey contain lead fi develop brain damage from lead poisoning. A similar risk dey exist from eating soil near roads wey exist before de phase-out of tetraethyllead anaa wey be sprayed plus oil (to settle dust) dem contaminate by toxic PCBs anaa dioxin. In addition to poisoning, a much greater risk dey exist of gastrointestinal obstruction anaa tearing insyd de stomach. Anoda risk of eating soil be de ingestion of animal feces den accompanying parasites. Cases of severe bacterial infections occurrence (leptospirosis) insyd patients dem diagnose plus pica sanso be reported.[8] Dem sanso fi find pica insyd animals such as dogs[9] den cats.[10]

Signs den symptoms

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Pica be de consumption of substances plus no significant nutritional value such as soap, plaster, plastic anaa paint. Subtypes be characterized by de substance dem chop:[11]

  • Acuphagia (sharp objects)[12]
  • Amylophagia (purified starch, as from corn)[13][14]
  • Cautopyreiophagia (burnt matches)
  • Cintaphagia (tape)
  • Coniophagia (dust)
  • Coprophagia (feces)
  • Dermatophagia (skin)
  • Emetophagia (vomit)
  • Geomelophagia (raw potatoes)[13][15]
  • Geophagia (earth, soil, sand, clay, chalk)
  • Hematophagia (vampirism) (blood)
  • Hyalophagia (glass)[16]
  • Kleptophagia (Small objects)
  • Lignophagia (wood)
  • Lithophagia (stones)[17]
  • Metallophagia (metal)
  • Mucophagia (mucus)
  • Pagophagia (ice)
  • Plumbophagia (lead)
  • Sapophagia (soap)
  • Trichophagia (hair, wool, den oda fibers)
  • Urophagia (urine)
  • Xylophagia (wood, anaa wood products such as paper)[18]

Dis eating pattern for last at least one month to meet de time diagnostic criteria of pica.[19]

References

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  1. ↑ OED ed. 3 via Apple Dictionary.
  2. ↑ "Feeding and Eating Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. DSM Library. American Psychiatric Association. 2013-05-22. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm10. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8 – via archive.org.
  3. ↑ T. E. C. Jr. (October 1, 1969). "The origin of the word pica". Pediatrics. 44: 4 – via AAP.
  4. 1 2 3 Blinder, Barton J.; Salama, C. (May 2008). "An update on pica: prevalence, contributing causes, and treatment". Psychiatric Times. 25 (6).
  5. ↑ Singhi, Sunit; Singhi, P.; Adwani, G. (December 1981). "Role of Psychosocial Stress in the Cause of Pica". Clinical Pediatrics. 20 (12): 783–785. doi:10.1177/000992288102001205. PMID 7307412. S2CID 1129239.
  6. ↑ López, L. B.; Ortega Soler, C. R.; de Portela, M. L. (March 2004). "Pica during pregnancy: a frequently underestimated problem". Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion. 54 (1): 17–24. PMID 15332352.
  7. ↑ Rose EA, Porcerelli JH, Neale AV (2000). "Pica: Common but commonly missed". The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 13 (5): 353–358. PMID 11001006.
  8. ↑ Fabiani, Adam; Dal Bo, Eugenia; Di Bella, Stefano; Gabrielli, Marco; Bologna, Alessandro; Albert, Umberto; Sanson, Gianfranco (2021-07-05). "Pica (Allotriophagy): An Underestimated Risk Factor for Severe Leptospirosis (Weil's Diseases)? Report of a Leptospira Septic Shock Successfully Managed with ECMO". Infectious Disease Reports (in English). 13 (3): 619–626. doi:10.3390/idr13030058. ISSN 2036-7449. PMC 8293114. PMID 34287302.
  9. ↑ "Pica: Why Pets Sometimes Eat Strange Objects". The Humane Society of the United States (in English). Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  10. ↑ Bradshaw, John W. S.; Neville, Peter F.; Sawyer, Diana (1997-04-01). "Factors affecting pica in the domestic cat". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Behavioural Problems of Small Animals (in English). 52 (3): 373–379. doi:10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01136-7. ISSN 0168-1591.
  11. ↑ Peter Sturmey; Michel Hersen (2012). Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology, Child and Adolescent Disorders. John Wiley & Sons. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-470-33544-4.
  12. ↑ "Acuphagia and Eating Metal". Psychology Today (in American English). Retrieved 2019-03-16.
  13. 1 2 Coleman AM (2015). A Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford University Press. p. 576. See Google books link.
  14. ↑ Sturmey P, Hersen M (2012). Handbook of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology, Child and Adolescent Disorders. John Wiley & Sons. p. 304. See Google books link.
  15. ↑ Johnson, BE; Stephens, RL (1982). "Geomelophagia. An unusual pica in iron-deficiency anemia". The American Journal of Medicine. 73 (6): 931–2. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90802-6. PMID 7148884.
  16. ↑ Andrew M. Colman (2015). A Dictionary of Psychology. OUP Oxford. p. 576. ISBN 978-0-19-105784-7.
  17. ↑ Somalwar, Ashutosh; Keyur Kishor Dave (March 2011). "Lithophagia: Pebbles in and Pebbles out" (PDF). Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 59: 170. PMID 21751627. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  18. ↑ Gowda, Mahesh; Patel, Bhavin M.; Preeti, S.; Chandrasekar, M. (2014). "An unusual case of xylophagia (paper-eating)". Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 23 (1): 65–7. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.144972. PMC 4261218. PMID 25535449.
  19. ↑ Pica New York Times Health Guide
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