Postpartum depression
| Facet give | women's health  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | psychiatry, psychotherapy, clinical psychology |
| Symptoms and signs | crying, depression, fatigue |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | (S)-duloxetine, sertraline, zuranolone |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/postpartum_depression |
| ICPC 2 ID | P76 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C92852 |
Postpartum depression (PPD), dem sanso know as perinatal depression, be a mood disorder wich fi be experienced by pregnant anaa postpartum women.[1] Symptoms dey include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, den extreme changes insyd sleeping anaa eating patterns.[2] PPD sanso negatively fi affect de newborn kiddie.[3][4]
Although de exact cause of PPD be unclear, dem dey believe to be secof a combination of physical, emotional, genetic, den social factors such as hormone imbalances den sleep deprivation.[2][5][6] Risk factors dey include prior episodes of postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, a family history of depression, psychological stress, complications of childbirth, lack of support, anaa a drug use disorder.[2] Diagnosis dey base on a person ein symptoms.[4] While chaw women dey experience a brief period of worry anaa unhappiness after delivery, postpartum depression for be suspected wen symptoms be severe den dey last over two weeks.[2]
Among those at risk, dey provide psychosocial support fi be protective in preventing PPD.[7] Dis fi include community support such as chow, household chores, mother care, den companionship.[8] Treatment give PPD fi include counseling anaa medications.[4] Types of counseling wey be effective dey include interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), den psychodynamic therapy.[4] Tentative evidence dey support de use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).[4]
Depression dey occur insyd roughly 10 to 20% of postpartum women.[9] Postpartum depression commonly dey affect mommies wey dem experience stillbirth, mommies wey dey live insyd urban areas, den adolescent mommies.[10] Moreover, dis mood disorder be estimated to affect 1% to 26% of new poppies.[1] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder be postpartum psychosis, wich be more severe den dey occur insyd about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women dey follow childbirth.[11] Postpartum psychosis be one of de leading causes of de murder of kiddies less dan one year of age, wich dey occur insyd about 8 per 100,000 births insyd de United States.[12]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 Carlson K, Mughal S, Azhar Y (2010). "Focusing on depression in expectant and new fathers: prenatal and postpartum depression not limited to". Psychiatric Times. 27 – via Gale Academic Onefile.
- 1 2 3 4 "Postpartum Depression Facts". NIMH. Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
- ↑ Grace SL, Evindar A, Stewart DE (November 2003). "The effect of postpartum depression on child cognitive development and behavior: a review and critical analysis of the literature". Archives of Women's Mental Health. 6 (4): 263–274. doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0024-6. PMID 14628179. S2CID 20966469.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Pearlstein T, Howard M, Salisbury A, Zlotnick C (April 2009). "Postpartum depression". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 200 (4): 357–364. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.033. PMC 3918890. PMID 19318144.
- ↑ Stewart DE, Vigod SN (January 2019). "Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics". Annual Review of Medicine. 70 (1): 183–196. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-041217-011106. PMID 30691372. S2CID 59341428.
- ↑ Soares CN, Zitek B (July 2008). "Reproductive hormone sensitivity and risk for depression across the female life cycle: a continuum of vulnerability?". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 33 (4): 331–343. doi:10.1139/jpn.0831. PMC 2440795. PMID 18592034.
- ↑ "Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes". Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11.
- ↑ Dennis CL, Fung K, Grigoriadis S, Robinson GE, Romans S, Ross L (July 2007). "Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: a qualitative systematic review". Women's Health (in American English). 3 (4): 487–502. doi:10.2217/17455057.3.4.487. PMID 19804024.
- ↑ Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Dashe JS, Spong CY, Hoffman BL, Casey BM, eds. (2022). Williams obstetrics. McGraw Hill Medical. ISBN 978-1-260-46273-9.
- ↑ Carlson K, Mughal S, Azhar Y (2023). "Postpartum Depression". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30085612. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ↑ Seyfried LS, Marcus SM (August 2003). "Postpartum mood disorders". International Review of Psychiatry. 15 (3): 231–242. doi:10.1080/09540260305196. PMID 15276962.
- ↑ Spinelli MG (September 2004). "Maternal infanticide associated with mental illness: prevention and the promise of saved lives". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (9): 1548–1557. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.9.1548. PMID 15337641. S2CID 35255623.
External links
[edit | edit source]- "Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet". Womenshealth.gov. 6 March 2009. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012.
- Postnatal Depression, information from the mental health charity The Royal College of Psychiatrists
- NHS Choices Health A-Z: Postnatal depression
- Postpartum Depression and the Baby Blues - HelpGuide.org
- Do I have postnatal depression? - Better Beginnings