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Pre-eclampsia

From Wikipedia
pre-eclampsia
rare disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofgestational hypertension, Hypertension, disease Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Health specialtyobstetrics Edit
ICPC 2 IDW81 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC34943, C85021 Edit

Pre-eclampsia be a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, wey be characterized by de new onset of high blood pressure den often a significant amount of protein insyd de urine (proteinuria) anaa by de new onset of high blood pressure along plus significant end-organ damage, plus anaa widout de proteinuria.[1][2][3][4] Wen e dey arise, de condition dey begin after 20 weeks of pregnancy.[5][6] Insyd severe cases of de disease der fi be red blood cell breakdown, a low blood platelet count, impaired liver function, kidney dysfunction, swelling, shortness of breath secof fluid insyd de lungs, anaa visual disturbances.[5][6] Pre-eclampsia dey increase de risk of undesirable as well as lethal outcomes give both de mommie den de fetus wey dey include preterm labor.[7][8][6] If dem lef untreated, e fi result in seizures at wich point e be known as eclampsia.[9]

Risk factors for pre-eclampsia dey include obesity, prior hypertension, older age, den diabetes mellitus.[9] E sanso be more frequent insyd a woman ein first pregnancy den if she dey carry twins.[9] De underlying mechanisms be complex den involve abnormal formation of blood vessels insyd de placenta amongst oda factors.[9] Dem dey diagnose de cases before delivery, den fi be categorized wey dey depend on de gestational week at delivery.[7] Commonly, pre-eclampsia dey continue into de period after delivery, then be known as postpartum pre-eclampsia.[10][11] Rarely, pre-eclampsia fi begin insyd de period after delivery.[6] While historically both high blood pressure den protein insyd de urine be required to make de diagnosis, sam definitions sanso dey include those plus hypertension den any associated organ dysfunction.[4][6] Blood pressure is defined as high when it is greater than 140 mmHg systolic anaa 90 mmHg diastolic at two separate times, more dan four hours apart insyd a woman after twenty weeks of pregnancy.[6] Pre-eclampsia be routinely screened during prenatal care.[12][13]

Recommendations for prevention dey include: aspirin insyd those at high risk, calcium supplementation insyd areas plus low intake, den treatment of prior hypertension plus medications.[14] Insyd those plus pre-eclampsia, delivery of de baby den placenta be an effective treatment buh full recovery fi take days anaa weeks.[10] De point at wich delivery cam be recommended dey depend on how severe de pre-eclampsia be den how far along insyd pregnancy a woman be.[15] Blood pressure medication, such as labetalol den methyldopa, fi be used to improve de mommie ein condition before delivery.[16] Magnesium sulfate fi be used to prevent eclampsia insyd those plus severe disease. Bed rest den salt intake no be useful for either treatment anaa prevention.[6][15]

Pre-eclampsia dey affect 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide.[17][8] Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (wich include pre-eclampsia) be one of de most common causes of death secof pregnancy.[18] Dem result in 46,900 deaths insyd 2015.[19] Pre-eclampsia usually dey occur after 32 weeks; however, if e dey occur earlier e be associated plus worse outcomes.[18] Women wey get pre-eclampsia be at increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, den stroke later insyd life.[20][21] Further, those plus pre-eclampsia fi get a lower risk of breast cancer.[22]

References

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  1. ↑ Phipps, Elizabeth A. (1 May 2019). "Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies". Nature Reviews Nephrology. 15 (5): 275–289. doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0119-6. PMC 6472952. PMID 30792480.
  2. ↑ Eiland E, Nzerue C, Faulkner M (2020). "Preeclampsia 2020". Journal of Pregnancy. 2020 586578. doi:10.1155/2012/586578. PMC 3403177. PMID 22848831.
  3. ↑ Hypertension in pregnancy. ACOG. 2020. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-934984-28-4. Archived from the original on 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  4. 1 2 Lambert G, Brichant JF, Hartstein G, Bonhomme V, Dewandre PY (2021). "Preeclampsia: an update". Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica. 65 (4): 137–149. PMID 25622379.
  5. 1 2 Al-Jameil N, Aziz Khan F, Fareed Khan M, Tabassum H (February 2022). "A brief overview of preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w. PMC 3881982. PMID 24400024.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy" (PDF). Obstetrics and Gynecology. 122 (5): 1122–1131. November 2013. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000437382.03963.88. PMC 1126958. PMID 24150027. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-01-06. Retrieved 2020-02-17.
  7. 1 2 Magee LA, Nicolaides KH, von Dadelszen P (May 2022). Longo DL (ed.). "Preeclampsia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 386 (19): 1817–1832. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2109523. PMID 35544388.
  8. 1 2 Laule CF, Odean EJ, Wing CR, Root KM, Towner KJ, Hamm CM, et al. (October 2019). "Role of B1 and B2 lymphocytes in placental ischemia-induced hypertension". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 317 (4): H732 – H742. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00132.2019. PMC 6843018. PMID 31397167.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Al-Jameil, Noura; Aziz Khan, Farah; Fareed Khan, Mohammad; Tabassum, Hajera (2014). "A brief overview of preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 6 (1): 1–7. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w. ISSN 1918-3003. PMC 3881982. PMID 24400024.
  10. 1 2 Martin N (2020-08-14). "Trusted Health Sites Spread Myths About a Deadly Pregnancy Complication". ProPublica. Lost Mothers (in English). Archived from the original on 2025-11-05. Retrieved 2021-05-28. From the Mayo Clinic to Harvard, sources don't always get the facts right about preeclampsia. Reached by ProPublica, some are making needed corrections.
  11. ↑ Martin N, Montagne R (2017-05-12). "The Last Person You'd Expect to Die in Childbirth". ProPublica. Lost Mothers (in English). Archived from the original on 2026-02-17. Retrieved 2021-05-28. The death of Lauren Bloomstein, a neonatal nurse, in the hospital where she worked illustrates a profound disparity: The health care system focuses on babies but often ignores their mothers.
  12. ↑ Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (August 2010). "Pre-eclampsia". Lancet. 376 (9741): 631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID 20598363.
  13. ↑ Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Barry MJ, Davidson KW, Doubeni CA, et al. (April 2017). "Screening for Preeclampsia: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 317 (16): 1661–1667. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3439. PMID 28444286.
  14. ↑ Henderson JT, Whitlock EP, O'Connor E, Senger CA, Thompson JH, Rowland MG (May 2014). "Low-dose aspirin for prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force". Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (10): 695–703. doi:10.7326/M13-2844. PMID 24711050.
  15. 1 2 WHO 2011, p. Template:Page needed.
  16. ↑ Arulkumaran N, Lightstone L (December 2013). "Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (6): 877–884. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.003.
  17. ↑ Ananth CV, Keyes KM, Wapner RJ (November 2013). "Pre-eclampsia rates in the United States, 1980–2010: age-period-cohort analysis". BMJ. 347 (nov07 15) f6564. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6564. PMC 3898425. PMID 24201165.
  18. 1 2 Arulkumaran N, Lightstone L (December 2013). "Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 27 (6): 877–884. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.003.
  19. ↑ Wang H, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  20. ↑ Steegers EA, von Dadelszen P, Duvekot JJ, Pijnenborg R (August 2010). "Pre-eclampsia". Lancet. 376 (9741): 631–644. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6. PMID 20598363.
  21. ↑ Brown MC, Best KE, Pearce MS, Waugh J, Robson SC, Bell R (January 2013). "Cardiovascular disease risk in women with pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis". European Journal of Epidemiology. 28 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9762-6. PMID 23397514.
  22. ↑ Innes KE, Byers TE (November 1999). "Preeclampsia and breast cancer risk". Epidemiology. 10 (6): 722–732. doi:10.1097/00001648-199911000-00013. JSTOR 3703514. PMID 10535787.

Sources

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  • WHO recommendations for prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. World Health Organization. 2011. hdl:10665/44703. ISBN 978-92-4-454833-2.
  • Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom S, Gilstrap L, eds. (2010). Williams obstetrics (23rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149701-5.
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