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Pregnancy

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From Wikipedia
human pregnancy
physiological condition
Subclass ofpregnancy Edit
Part ofmotherhood, Mummie, adulthood Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Has causehuman fertilization, in vitro fertilization Edit
Has effectparturition Edit
Health specialtygynaecology Edit
ICPC 2 IDW78 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC25742 Edit
Unicode character🤰, 🫄, 🫃 Edit

Pregnancy be de time during wich one anaa more offspring dey gestate insyd a woman ein uterus.[1] A multiple pregnancy dey involve more dan one offspring, such as plus twins.[2]

Conception usually dey occur dey follow vaginal intercourse, buh sanso fi occur thru assisted reproductive technology procedures.[3] A pregnancy fi end insyd a live birth, a miscarriage, an induced abortion, anaa a stillbirth. Childbirth typically dey occur around 40 weeks from de start of de last menstrual period (LMP), a span dem know as de gestational age;[4] dis just be over nine months. Counting by fertilization age, de length be about 38 weeks.[1][4] Implantation dey occur on average 8–9 days after fertilization.[5] An embryo be de term for de developing offspring during de first seven weeks dey follow implantation (i.e. ten weeks ein gestational age), after wich dem use de term fetus til de birth of a baby.[4]

Signs den symptoms of early pregnancy fi include missed periods, tender breasts, morning sickness (nausea den vomiting), hunger, implantation bleeding, den frequent urination.[6] Pregnancy fi be confirmed plus a pregnancy test.[7] Methods of "birth control"—anaa, more accurately, contraception—be used to avoid pregnancy.

Dem divide pregnancy into three trimesters of approximately three months each. De first trimester dey include conception, wich be wen de sperm fertilize de egg. De fertilized egg then travel down de fallopian tube den attach to de insyd of de uterus, wer e begin to form de embryo den placenta. During de first trimester, de possibility of miscarriage (natural death of embryo anaa fetus) be at ein highest. Around de middle of de second trimester, movement of de fetus fi be felt. At 28 weeks, more dan 90% of babies fi survive outsyd of de uterus if dem provide dem plus high-quality medical care, though babies dem born at dis time likely go experience serious health complications such as heart den respiratory problems den long-term intellectual den developmental disabilities.

Prenatal care dey improve pregnancy outcomes.[8] Nutrition during pregnancy be important to ensure healthy growth of de fetus.[9] Prenatal care sanso dey include avoiding recreational drugs (wey dey include tobacco den alcohol), taking regular exercise, having blood tests, den regular physical examinations.[8] Complications of pregnancy fi include disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency anemia, den severe nausea den vomiting.[10] Insyd de ideal childbirth, labour dey begin on ein own "at term".[11] Babies dem born before 37 weeks de "preterm" den at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy. Babies dem born between weeks 37 den 39 dem be considered "early term" while those dem born between weeks 39 den 41 dem be considered "full term". Babies dem born between weeks 41 den 42 weeks be considered "late-term" while after 42 weeks dem be considered "post-term". Delivery before 39 weeks by labour induction anaa caesarean section no be recommended unless dem require for oda medical reasons.[12]

References

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  1. 1 2 Mosby (2009). Mosby's Pocket Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1078. ISBN 978-0-323-06604-4.
  2. ↑ Wylie L (2005). Essential anatomy and physiology in maternity care (Second ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-443-10041-3. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  3. ↑ Shehan CL (2016). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 4 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-470-65845-1. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 Shehan CL (2016). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 4 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-470-65845-1. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  5. ↑ "Mass. General Laws c.112 § 12K". Mass.gov (in English). Archived from the original on 2025-09-01. Retrieved 2025-12-15.
  6. ↑ "What are some common signs of pregnancy?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 12 July 2013. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "How do I know if I'm pregnant?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 30 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  8. 1 2 "What is prenatal care and why is it important?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 12 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Lammi-Keefe CJ, Couch SC, Philipson EH, eds. (2008). Handbook of Nutrition and Pregnancy. Nutrition and health. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 28. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-112-3. ISBN 978-1-59745-112-3.
  10. ↑ "What are some common complications of pregnancy?". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 12 July 2013. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  11. ↑ American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, archived from the original on 1 September 2013, retrieved 1 August 2013
  12. ↑ World Health Organization (November 2014). "Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363". who.int. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.

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