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Psychosis

From Wikipedia
psychosis
signs den symptoms
Subclass ofclinical sign, health problem Edit
Has effectdelusion, hallucination, thought disorder Edit
Studied bypsychiatry, psychology Edit
Health specialtypsychiatry, clinical psychology Edit
Possible treatmentpsychotherapy Edit
Described at URLhttps://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Psychosis Edit

Insyd psychopathology, psychosis be a condition in wich one be unable to distinguish, insyd one ein experience of life, between wat be real den wat no be real.[1] Examples of psychotic symptoms be delusions, hallucinations, den disorganized anaa incoherent thoughts anaa speech.[1] Psychosis be a description of a person ein state anaa symptoms, rather dan a particular mental illness, wey e no dey relate to psychopathy (a personality construct[2][3] wey be characterized by impaired empathy den remorse, along plus bold, disinhibited, den egocentric traits).

Common causes of chronic (i.e. ongoing anaa repeating) psychosis dey include schizophrenia anaa schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, den brain damage (usually as a result of alcoholism).[4][5] Acute (temporary) psychosis sanso fi be caused by severe distress, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation,[6] some medications, den drug use (wey dey include alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, den stimulants).[7] Dem dey term acute psychosis primary if e dey result from a psychiatric condition den secondary if e be caused by anoda medical condition anaa drugs.[7] De diagnosis of a mental-health condition dey require excluding oda potential causes.[8] Dem fi do tests to check whether psychosis be caused by central nervous system diseases, toxins, anaa oda health problems.[9]

Treatment fi include antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy, den social support.[10][11] Early treatment dey appear to improve outcomes.[10] Medications dey appear e get a moderate effect.[12] Outcomes dey depend on de underlying cause.[11]

Dem no well-understand psychosis at de neurological level, buh dopamine (along plus oda neurotransmitters) be known to play an important role.[13][14][15] Insyd de United States about 3% of people dey develop psychosis at some point insyd dema lives.[10] Na dem describe psychosis as early as de 4th century BC by Hippocrates den possibly as early as 1500 BC insyd de Ebers Papyrus.[16][17]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Arciniegas DB (June 2015). "Psychosis". Continuum. 21 (3 Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry): 715–736. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000466662.89908.e7. PMC 4455840. PMID 26039850.
  2. ↑ Blackburn, Ronald (2005). "Psychopathy as a Personality Construct". American Psychiatric Association. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  3. ↑ Driessen, Josi M. A.; van Baar, Jeroen M.; Sanfey, Alan G.; Glennon, Jeffrey C.; Brazil, Inti A. (July 2021). "Moral strategies and psychopathic traits". Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 130 (5): 550–561. doi:10.1037/abn0000675. hdl:2066/236779. ISSN 1939-1846. PMID 34472890.
  4. ↑ Radua J, Ramella-Cravaro V, Ioannidis JP, Reichenberg A, Phiphopthatsanee N, Amir T, et al. (February 2018). "What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors". World Psychiatry. 17 (1): 49–66. doi:10.1002/wps.20490. PMC 5775150. PMID 29352556.
  5. ↑ "Korsakoff Psychosis – Special Subjects". MSD Manual Professional Edition (in Indian English). Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  6. ↑ Gelder, Michael G.; Gath, Dennis; Mayou, Richard (1983). Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry (in English). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-261294-6.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Griswold KS, Del Regno PA, Berger RC (June 2015). "Recognition and Differential Diagnosis of Psychosis in Primary Care". American Family Physician. 91 (12): 856–863. PMID 26131945. Archived from the original on 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  8. ↑ Cardinal RN, Bullmore ET (2011). The Diagnosis of Psychosis (in English). Cambridge University Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-1-139-49790-9. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  9. ↑ Foster NL (2011). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry (in English). American Psychiatric Pub. p. 523. ISBN 978-1-58562-952-7. Archived from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "RAISE Questions and Answers". NIMH (in English). Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Psychosis". NHS. 23 December 2016. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  12. ↑ Haddad PM, Correll CU (November 2018). "The acute efficacy of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a review of recent meta-analyses". Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. 8 (11): 303–318. doi:10.1177/2045125318781475. PMC 6180374. PMID 30344997.
  13. ↑ Stahl SM (June 2018). "Beyond the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia to three neural networks of psychosis: dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate". CNS Spectrums. 23 (3): 187–191. doi:10.1017/S1092852918001013. PMID 29954475. S2CID 49599226.
  14. ↑ Grace AA (August 2016). "Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 17 (8): 524–532. doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.57. PMC 5166560. PMID 27256556.
  15. ↑ Leucht S, Leucht C, Huhn M, Chaimani A, Mavridis D, Helfer B, et al. (October 2017). "Sixty Years of Placebo-Controlled Antipsychotic Drug Trials in Acute Schizophrenia: Systematic Review, Bayesian Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Efficacy Predictors". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 174 (10): 927–942. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16121358. PMID 28541090. S2CID 27256686.
  16. ↑ Gibbs RS (2008). Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-7817-6937-2.
  17. ↑ Giddens JF (2015). Concepts for Nursing Practice – E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-323-38946-4. Archived from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
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