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Quba Mosque

From Wikipedia
Quba Mosque
mosque
Year dem found am622 Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit
Found byMuhammad Edit
CountrySaudi Arabia Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydMedina Edit
Coordinate location24°26′21″N 39°37′2″E Edit
ArchitectAbdel-Wahed El-Wakil Edit
Architectural styleIslamic architecture Edit
Map

De Quba Mosque (Arabic: مَسْجِد قُبَاء, romanized: Masjid Qubāʾ, standard pronunciation: [mas.dʒid qu.baːʔ], Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [mas.dʒɪd ɡʊ.ba]) be a mosque wey locate insyd Medina, insyd de Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia, dem first build insyd de lifetime of de Islamic prophet Muhammad insyd de 7th century C.E.[1][2][3] Dem think say e be de first mosque insyd de world, dem establish for de first day of Muhammad ein emigration to Medina.[4][5] Dem say de prophet wey he lay ein first stone, wey na dem plete de structure by ein companions.[6] Na dem subsequently modify de mosque across de centuries til de 1980s, wen na dem completely replace am by a new building wey dey stand today.[7][8]

History

Origins

According to historical Islamic texts, during de hijrah (migration) of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib), na he stop insyd de village of Quba' near Medina. Dey depend for de sources, na he stay der for 3 to 22 days. Two different accounts of de mosque ein foundation exist for relation to dis event. Insyd one, na Muhammad found de mosque einself, though der be varying explanations for how na dem choose de site: na ebe either a mirbad (place dem dey dry dates) wey na e belong to Muhammad ein host, Kulthum, anaa na ebe de place wer a woman dem name Labba tether ein donkey. Anoda version, probably a later legend inspire by de foundation story of de Prophet's Mosque insyd Medina, dey tell dat na Muhammad make Ali get for a camel top wey he then build de mosque wer de camel go. Na dem say Muhammad lay de first stone einself, plus de next ones be laid by Abu Bakr, Umar den Uthman. Na dem sanso say he visit de mosque every Saturday afterwards wey na he conduct religious service der. Insyd anoda account, na dem build de mosque prior to Muhammad ein arrival by de first Muslim emigrants from Mecca den sam of de Anṣār of Medina. Muhammad then pray insyd de mosque plus dem.

Na sam scholars debate de historicity of de mosque ein foundation story.

Initially, na dem build de mosque 6 kilometres (3.7 miles) from Medina insyd de village of Quba', before Medina expand to include dis village.[7] De first mosque go be oriented towards Jerusalem wey na Muhammad most likely rebuild am wen na dem change de qibla (direction of prayer) toward de Kaaba insyd Mecca.[9][10]

Modifications

Na dem repeatedly modify de mosque wey na dem expand am insyd later periods. Na ebe expanded under Caliph Uthman (r. 644 – 656 CE).[10] Na anoda expansion occur insyd 684 CE, during de reign of de Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.[7] Under ein successor, al-Walid I (r. 705–715), na dem rebuild de mosque.[11] Na dem add ein first "minaret" under Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (r. 717–720).

A picture of de mosque prior to 1900

Religious significance

Performing Wuḍūʾ ('ablution') insyd one ein home, then offering two Rakaʿāt of Nafl (optional) prayers insyd de Quba Mosque, dem consider am to be equal to performing one ʿUmrah. Na Muhammad used dey go der, riding anaa for foot, every Saturday den offer a two rakaʿāt prayer. Na he advise odas make dem do de same, saying, "Whoever makes ablutions at home and then goes and prays in the Mosque of Quba, he will have a reward like that of an 'Umrah."[12] Dis ḥadīth be reported by Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Majah den Hakim al-Nishaburi.

Mention insyd de Qur'an

Dem dey believe de mosque e be de one wich de Quran dey mention as ebe founded on piety den devoutness (Masjid al-Taqwa):[13]

There are also those ˹hypocrites˺ who set up a mosque ˹only˺ to cause harm, promote disbelief, divide the believers, and as a base for those who had previously fought against Allah and His Messenger. They will definitely swear, "We intended nothing but good," but Allah bears witness that they are surely liars. Do not ˹O Prophet˺ ever pray in it. Certainly, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy of your prayers. In it are men who love to be purified. And Allah loves those who purify themselves.

— Surah At-Tawbah 9:108

Mentions insyd hadiths

Dem mention de merits of de mosque insyd nineteen Sahih al-Bukhari hadiths; thirteen Sahih Muslim hadiths; two Sunan Abi Dawud hadiths; six Al-Muwatta hadiths.[14]

Na Muhammad frequent de mosque den pray der. Dem refer dis to insyd a number of hadith:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Dinar: Ibn 'Umar said, "The Prophet used to go to the Mosque of Quba every Saturday (sometimes) walking and (sometimes) riding." 'Abdullah (Ibn 'Umar) used to do the same

— Collected by Muhammad al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari Volume 2, Book 21, Number 284

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Prophet used to go to the Mosque of Quba (sometimes) walking and sometimes riding. Added Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar (in another narration), "He then would offer two Rakat (in the Mosque of Quba)."

— Collected by Muhammad al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari Volume 2, Book 21, Number 285
  • De present-day mosque
  • Rear view of de mosque
    Rear view of de mosque
  • Outside wall walkway
    Outside wall walkway
  • One of de side entrances
    One of de side entrances
  • Interior courtyard
    Interior courtyard
  • Interior of de prayer hall
    Interior of de prayer hall

References

  1. ↑ Michigan Consortium for Medieval and Early Modern Studies (1986). Goss, V. P.; Bornstein, C. V. (eds.). The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange Between East and West During the Period of the Crusades. Vol. 21. Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. p. 208. ISBN 0-918720-58-3.
  2. ↑ Mustafa Abu Sway. "The Holy Land, Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Qur'an, Sunnah and other Islamic Literary Source" (PDF). Central Conference of American Rabbis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28.
  3. ↑ Dyrness, W. A. (2013-05-29). Senses of Devotion: Interfaith Aesthetics in Buddhist and Muslim Communities. Vol. 7. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-62032-136-2.
  4. ↑ Macca, A. A.; Aryanti, T. (16–18 November 2016). "The Domes: El Wakil's Traditionalist Architecture of Quba Mosque". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 180: 012092. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012092. S2CID 131955391.
  5. ↑ Alahmadi, M.; Mansour, S.; Dasgupta, N.; Abulibdeh, A.; Atkinson, P. M.; Martin, D. J. (2021). "Using daily nighttime lights to monitor spatiotemporal patterns of human lifestyle under covid-19: The case of Saudi Arabia". Remote Sensing. 13 (22): 4633. Bibcode:2021RemS...13.4633A. doi:10.3390/rs13224633. hdl:10576/55732.
  6. ↑ "Masjid Quba is the first mosque in Islam's history". Masjid Quba'. The Ministry of Hajj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Salo, Edward (2017). "Masjid al-Quba". In Çakmak, Cenap (ed.). Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia (in English). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1010–1011. ISBN 978-1-61069-217-5. OCLC 962409918.
  8. ↑ "Qubbah Mosque". ArchNet. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  9. ↑ Algul, Huseyin; Bozkurt, Nebi (2004). "Mescid-i Kubâ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S., eds. (2009). "Medina". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture (in English). Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 472–473. ISBN 9780195309911.
  11. ↑ Flood, Finbarr Barry (2001). The Great Mosque of Damascus: Studies on the Makings of an Ummayyad Visual Culture (in English). Brill. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-04-11638-2.
  12. ↑ "Quba — the first mosque in the history of Islam". Arab News (in English). 12 July 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  13. ↑ Tafsir Ibn Kathir 9:108
  14. ↑ Enter Quba Mosque in the "Search the Hadith" box and check off all hadith collections. Archived October 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

Read further

  • Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam by Hajjah Amina Adil (p. 286)
  • The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition Guidebook of Daily Practices and Devotions by Hisham Kabbani (p. 301)
  • Happold: The Confidence to Build by Derek Walker and Bill Addis (p. 81)
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