Quraysh

Quraysh

tribe, ethnic group

Subclass of	Tribes of Arabia
Demonym	курайшит, курайшитка, курайшиты, курайшитки, قرشي
Found by	Al-Nadr ibn Kinanah
Country	Saudi Arabia

Map of de Arabian Peninsula insyd 600 AD, wey dey show de various Arab tribes den dema areas of settlement. De Lakhmids (yellow) form an Arab monarchy as clients of de Sasanian Empire, while de Ghassanids (red) form an Arab monarchy as clients of de Roman Empire A map wey de British academic Harold Dixon publish during World War I, wey dey show de presence of de Arab tribes insyd West Asia, 1914

De Quraysh (Arabic: قُرَيْشٍ) be an Arab tribe wey control Mecca before de rise of Islam. Na dem divide dema members into ten main clans, most notably de Banu Hashim, into wich dem born Islam ein founder prophet Muhammad. By de seventh century, dem cam be wealthy merchants, wey dey dominate trade between de Indian Ocean, East Africa, den de Mediterranean. De tribe run caravans to Gaza den Damascus insyd summer den to Yemen insyd winter, while sanso dey mine den pursue oda enterprises on dese routes.

Wen Muhammad begin dey preach Islam insyd Mecca, de Quraysh initially show little concern. However, dema opposition to ein activities quickly grow as he increasingly challenge de polytheism prevalent thru out pre-Islamic Arabia. As relations deteriorate, Muhammad den ein followers migrate to Medina (de journey dem know as de Hijrah) after negotiating plus de Banu Aws den de Banu Khazraj to mediate dema conflict. However, de two sides prove unable to reach a peaceful resolution, wey de Quraysh continue to obstruct Muhammad ein community ein attempts to perform de Islamic pilgrimage at Mecca, wey prompt am to confront dem thru armed conflict, primarily by conducting raids on dema caravans. Dese raids escalate into several major battles, wey dey include those at Badr, Uhud, den "de Trench" (Medina ein outskirts). Following dese engagements den changes insyd Medina ein political landscape, wey dey include de expulsion of three Jewish tribes, Muhammad reportedly shift de focus of ein military campaigns from Quraysh caravans to northern Arab tribes such as de Banu Lahyan den de Banu Mustaliq.

As Muhammad ein position insyd Medina cam be more established, attitudes towards am insyd ein hometown cam be more conciliatory. De Treaty of al-Hudaybiya formalize a ten-year truce (dey begin insyd March 628) plus de Quraysh wey e allow Muhammad to perform Umrah insyd Mecca insyd de year wey dey follow. During dis pilgrimage, Muhammad reconcile plus ein clan, symbolized by ein marriage to Maymuna bint al-Harith. Further, several prominent Meccans, such as Khalid ibn al-Walid den Amr ibn al-As, recognize Muhammad ein increasing influence wey dem convert to Islam, later taking pivotal roles insyd de early Muslim conquests.

According to Muslim sources, na de Quraysh break de Treaty of al-Hudaybiya approximately two years after dem ratify am. A belligerent party within de tribe, against de advice of dema chief Abu Sufyan, support one of dema client clans insyd a conflict against de Banu Khuza'ah, allies of Muhammad. Muhammed respond by marching plus an army of 10,000 men to besiege Mecca. Confronted by de advancing army, Abu Sufyan den odas, wey dey include Muhammad ein ally Khuza'i Budayl ibn Warqa, meet plus am to request amnesty give all Qurayshis wey no resist ein advance. Thus, Muhammad den ein troops enter Mecca virtually unopposed, den almost all of de city ein inhabitants convert to Islam. After Muhammad ein death insyd 632, leadership of de Muslim community traditionally pass to a person wey dey belong to de Quraysh, as be de case plus de Rashidun, de Umayyads, den de Abbasids, den purportedly plus de Fatimids.

Clans

Clan	Genealogy	Alliances	Notable members
Banu Abd al-Dar	Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Ahlafs	Mus'ab ibn Umayr
Banu Makhzum	Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Ahlafs	Abu Jahl, Walid ibn Al-Mughira, Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah Khalid ibn al-Walid,
Banu Adi	Adi ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Ahlafs	Al-Khattâb ibn Nufayl Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Zayd ibn Amr, Al-Shifa' bint Abdullah Abdullah ibn Umar
Banu Sahm	Sahm ibn Amr ibn Husays ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Ahlafs	al-As ibn Wa'il, Amr ibn al-As
Banu Jumah	Jumah ibn Amr ibn Husays ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Ahlafs	Umayya ibn Khalaf, Soufwan ibn Umayya
Banu Abd Shams (then Banu Umayya)	Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Ahlaf	Umayya ibn Abd Shams, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt Uthman ibn Affan, Umm Habiba Mu'awiya I
Banu Nawfal	Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Ahlaf	Jubayr ibn Muṭʽim
Banu Émir	Amir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.		Suhayl ibn Amr, Abdullah ibn Suhayl
Banu Hashim (then Banu Abd al-Muttalib)	Hashim ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Fudul	Muhammad Abd al-Muttalib, Hamza ibn Abdul Muttalib, Abu Talib ibn Abdul Muttalib, Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib Ali
Banu Zuhrah	Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Fudul	'Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra, Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf, Aminah Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
Banu Taym	Taym ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Fudul	Abu Bakr Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Aisha bint Abi Bakr, Asma bint Abi Bakr
Banu Asad	Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Fudul	Khadija, Waraqah ibn Nawfal Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr	Al-Harith ibn Fihr.	Muttayabun then Fudul	Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
Banu Mutallib	Al-Mutallib ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr.	Fudul	Al-Shafiʽi (famous scholar)

Bibliography

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