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Rabies

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Rabies
A dog with rabies in the paralytic (post-furious) stage
SpecialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsFever, fear of water, confusion, excessive salivation, hallucinations, trouble sleeping, paralysis, coma
Causes[Rabies virus, Australian bat lyssavirus
PreventionRabies vaccine, animal control, rabies immunoglobulin
PrognosisNearly always death after onset of symptoms
Deaths17,400 (2015)

Rabies be a viral disease wey dey cause encephalitis insyd humans den oda mammals.[1] Na ebe historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") secof ein victims panic wen na dem offer liquids make dem drink. Early symptoms fi include fever den abnormal sensations for de site of exposure.[1] Dese symptoms be followed by one anaa more of de following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability make dem move parts of de body, confusion, den loss of consciousness.[1][2][3][4] Once symptoms appear, de result be virtually always death.[1] De time period between contracting de disease den de start of symptoms be usually one to three months buh fi vary from less dan one week to more dan one year.[1] De time dey depend on de distance de virus fi travel along peripheral nerves make e reach de central nervous system.[5]Rabies be caused by lyssaviruses, wey dey include de rabies virus den Australian bat lyssavirus.[6] E dey spread wen an infected animal bites anaa scratches a human anaa oda animals.[1] Saliva from an infected animal sanso fi transmit rabies if de saliva cam into contact plus de eyes, mouth, anaa nose.[1] Globally, dogs be de most common animal involved.[1] Insyd countries wer dogs commonly get de disease, more dan 99% of rabies cases insyd humans be de direct result of dog bites.[7] Insyd de Americas, bat bites be de most common source of rabies infections insyd humans, den less dan 5% of cases be from dogs.[1][7] Rodents be very rarely infected plus rabies.[7] De disease fi be diagnosed per after de start of symptoms.[1]

Etymology

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De name rabies be derived from de Latin rabies, wey dey mean "madness".[8] De Greeks derive de word lyssa, from lud anaa "violent"; dem dey use dis root insyd de genus name of de rabies virus, Lyssavirus.[9]

Cause

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  • Rendering of de rabies virus
    Rendering of de rabies virus
  • An electron microscope image of de rabies virus
    An electron microscope image of de rabies virus
  • TEM micrograph plus numerous rabies virions (small, dark grey, rodlike particles) den Negri bodies (de larger pathognomonic cellular inclusions of rabies infection)
    TEM micrograph plus numerous rabies virions (small, dark grey, rodlike particles) den Negri bodies (de larger pathognomonic cellular inclusions of rabies infection)

Rabies be caused by a number of lyssaviruses wey dey include de rabies virus den Australian bat lyssavirus.[10] Duvenhage lyssavirus fi cause a rabies-like infection.[11]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "Rabies Fact Sheet N°99". World Health Organization. July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  2. ↑ "Rabies, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment". Medical News Today. 15 November 2017.
  3. ↑ "Rabies, Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
  4. ↑ "Animal bites and rabies". Johns Hopkins Medicine. 27 February 2020.
  5. ↑ Cotran RS, Kumar V, Fausto N (2005). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1375. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.
  6. ↑ "Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and other lyssaviruses". The Department of Health. Dec 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Tintinalli JE (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). McGraw-Hill. pp. Chapter 152. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.
  8. ↑ Simpson DP (1979). Cassell's Latin Dictionary (5th ed.). London: Cassell. p. 883. ISBN 978-0-304-52257-6.
  9. ↑ Rotivel Y (1995). Rupprecht CE, Smith JS, Fekadu M, Childs JE (eds.). "Introduction: The ascension of wildlife rabies: a cause for public health concern or intervention?". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1 (4): 107–114. doi:10.3201/eid0104.950401. PMC 2626887. PMID 8903179. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009.
  10. ↑ "Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and other lyssaviruses". The Department of Health. Dec 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  11. ↑ van Thiel PP, de Bie RM, Eftimov F, Tepaske R, Zaaijer HL, van Doornum GJ, et al. (July 2009). "Fatal human rabies due to Duvenhage virus from a bat in Kenya: failure of treatment with coma-induction, ketamine, and antiviral drugs". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (7): e428. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000428. PMC 2710506. PMID 19636367.

Read further

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  • Pankhurst, Richard. "The history and traditional treatment of rabies in Ethiopia." Medical History 14, no. 4 (1970): 378–389.
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