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Ramadan

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Ramadan
time interval
Subclass offasting, Islamic calendar Edit
Part ofIslamic calendar, Islamic culture Edit
Official namearab Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit
CultureIslam Edit
Dey followdoubt night, Day of doubt, Day of cloud, Islamic calendar Edit
Followed byEid al-Fitr, Shawwal Edit
Significant eventLaylat al-Qadr Edit
Day in year for periodic occurrenceRamadan Edit
Has effectcharity, forgiveness, prayer Edit
Practiced byMuslim Edit
Criterion usedIslamic calendar Edit

Ramadan be de ninth month for de Islamic calendar insyd, wey Muslims worldwide dey observe as one holy month for fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, den community.[1][2] Dis month dey commemorate de time wey Prophet Muhammad first receive revelation.[3] As one of de Five Pillars of Islam,[4] Ramadan fasting dey last 29 to 30 days, depending on de crescent moon sighting.[5][6]

From dawn to sunset, fasting (sawm) be obligatory (fard) for all adult Muslims, unless dem dey sick (acute anaa chronic), travel, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, pregnant, anaa menstruating.[7] De Predawn meal be suhur den Nightly meal wey dey break de fast be iftar.[8][9] For places wey midnight sun anaa polar night dey, sam fatawa (Islamic rulings) dey talk say make dem follow Mecca timetable,[10] buh chaw people dey follow de closest country wey get clear night den day difference.[11][12][13]

Dem believe sey spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting dey multiply during Ramadan.[14] So, during de hours of fasting, Muslims go stay away from no be chow den drink per, buh sanso tobacco products, sexual relations, den sinful behavior,[15][16] dey devote dema sef instead to prayer den study of de Quran.[17][18]

Ein Etymology

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De word Ramadan cam from de Arabic root R-M-Ḍ (ر-م-ض) "scorching heat",[19] wey be de Classical Arabic verb "ramiḍa (رَمِضَ)" wey dey mean "become intensely hot – become burning; become scorching; be blazing; be glowing".

Some people believe sey Ramadan be one of de names of God for Islam, secof dat, plenty hadiths talk sey e no good make we just call am "Ramadan" wen you dey refer to de calendar month. Instead, dem say make people talk "month of Ramadan", as reported for Sunni,[20][21][22][23][24][25] Shia[26][27][28] den Zaydi[29] sources. Buh na sam oda scholars grade dis report sey e be Mawḍūʻ (dem fabricate am)[30] den inauthentic.[20]

History

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Chapter 2, Verse 185 insya Arabic

Ramadan be de month wey dem reveal the Quran as a guide for humanity plus clear proofs of guidance den de standard ˹to distinguish between right den wrong˺. So whoever dey present dis month, Make dem fast. But whoever dey ill anaa e dey journey top, den ˹make dem fast˺ equal number of days ˹after Ramaḍân˺. Allah intends ease for you, not hardship, so dat you go fit complete de prescribed period den proclaim de greatness of Allah for guiding you, den perhaps you go be grateful.

— Q2 vs. 185

Muslims believe sey dem reveal all scripture during Ramadan. Dem talk sey de scrolls of Abraham, Torah, Psalms, Gospel, den Quran land for de first, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth (sam sources talk eighteenth)[31] den twenty-fourth Ramadan respectively.[32] Dem talk sey Muhammad sef receive ein first Quranic revelation for Laylat al-Qadr, wey be one of de odd-numbered nights wey fall insyd de last ten days of Ramadan.[33]

Although na dem command Muslims make dem fast insyd de second year of Hijra (624 CE),[34] dem believe sey fasting no be new thing for monotheism[35] buh na e always be important for believers to get fear of God (taqwa).[36] [For Q2:183] Dem point sey even de pre-Islamic pagans of Mecca dey fast for de tenth day of Muharram make e clear sin den avoid drought.[37] Philip Jenkins talk sey Ramadan fasting fi come from de strict Lenten discipline of de Syrian Churches, den sam scholars like theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler support dis idea,[38][39] buh sam Muslim academics no gree.[40] De Quran self talk sey de fasting wey ein prescribe already be for earlier biblical communities (2:183), even though no clear pre-Islamic text dey wey confirm dis practice.[41]

Important dates

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De first den last dates of Ramadan dey determine by de lunar Islamic calendar.

Beginning

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De start date of Ramadan dey shift between Gregorian years 1938 and 2038, den sometimes e fit get small error, especially for de last few dates inside de table. Dis table base on one particular version of de Islamic calendar, but because different areas get different ways dem dey follow, de start of Ramadan fit shift by one or even two days.

Secof de hilāl, anaa crescent moon, typically occur approximately one day after de new moon, Muslims fi estimate de start of Ramadan.[42] Buh chaw Muslims still like make dem confirm de crescent moon plus dema own eye before dem officially start Ramadan fasting.[43]

Laylat al-Qadr

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Laylat al-Qadr, wey people dey call "Night of Power", be de night wey Muslims believe sey de Quran first cam down to de world, den wey Prophet Muhammad receive ein first Quranic revelation. Dis night be de holiest night for de whole year.[44][45] Chaw Muslims believe sey Laylat al-Qadr dey happen on one odd-numbered night insyd de last ten days of Ramadan. But de Dawoodi Bohra sect particularly believe sey de night be de twenty-third night of Ramadan.[46][47]

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  • Striking de bedug insyd Indonesia
    Striking de bedug insyd Indonesia
  • A decorated den illuminated crescent statue insyd Jordan
    A decorated den illuminated crescent statue insyd Jordan
  • Ramadan insyd de Old City of Jerusalem
    Ramadan insyd de Old City of Jerusalem
  • Fanous Ramadan decorations insyd Cairo, Egypt
    Fanous Ramadan decorations insyd Cairo, Egypt

References

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  1. ↑ "Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  2. ↑ "BBC - Religions - Islam: Ramadan". www.bbc.co.uk (in British English). Retrieved 2025-02-27.
  3. ↑ "Ramadan 2020: Date, importance, wishes, quotes, messages, and pictures". India Today. 23 April 2020.
  4. ↑ "Schools – Religions". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  5. ↑ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  6. ↑ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  7. ↑ Fasting (Al Siyam) – الصيام – p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998
  8. ↑ Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – p. 24
  9. ↑ Dubai – p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010
  10. ↑ "Ramadan in the Farthest North". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  11. ↑ See article "How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World" -Huffpost.com /31 July 2014 and article "Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014" -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article "The true spirit of Ramadan" -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014
  12. ↑ See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish" Archived 7 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ Kassam, Ashifa (3 July 2016). "Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  14. ↑ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  15. ↑ Smith, Jane I. (2010). Islam in America. Columbia University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-231-14710-1. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  16. ↑ Hotaling, Edward (2003). Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future. Syracuse University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-8156-0766-3. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  17. ↑ Abu Dawood-Ibn-Ash'ath-AsSijisstani, Sulayman. "Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370". Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  18. ↑ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  19. ↑ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr. Sunan al-Kubra lil Behaqi|Sunnan al-Kubra (in Arabic). Vol. 4. p. Book 11, Ch. 6, No. 7904. قال رسولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: 'لا تَقولوا «رَمَضَانُ»، فإِنَّ رَمَضانَ اسمٌ مِن أسماءِ اللَّهِ، ولَكِن قولوا «شَهرُ رَمَضانَ».' وهَكَذا رَواه الحارِثُ بنُ عبدِ اللَّهِ الخازِنُ عن أبي مَعشَرٍ. وأبو مَعشَرٍ هو نَجيحٌ السِّندِىُّ، ضَعَّفَه يَحيَى بنُ مَعين
  21. ↑ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. Tafsir al-Tabari (in Arabic). Vol. 3. p. 187. أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُقَالُ «رَمَضَانَ»، وَيَقُولُ: لَعَلَّهُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ، لَٰكِنَّ نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّٰهُ: «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  22. ↑ Fakhr al-Din al-Razi|Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Tafsir Al-Kabir (al-Razi)|Tafsir Al-Kabir (in Arabic). Vol. 5. p. 251. عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ» وَ«ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ» وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «جَاءَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» وَ«ذَهَبَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ.
  23. ↑ Ibn Abu Hatim, Abdul Rahman. Tafsir Ibn Abu Hatim (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 310, Nu. 1648. لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ»، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  24. ↑ Al-Dimashqi, Tamam. Fawa'id al-Tamam (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 104, Nu. 241. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ «صُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ»، وَ«قُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ»، وَلَا «صَنَعْتُ فِي رَمَضَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْعِظَامِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» كَمَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ
  25. ↑ Ibn al-Saqri, Abu Tahir. Mashyakhah (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 126, Nu. 52. عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّٰهِ مَا مَعْنَىٰ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ لَا تَقُولِي «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّهُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ وَلَٰكِنْ قُولِي «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ أَرْمَضَ فِيهِ ذُنُوبَ عِبَادِهِ فَغَفَرَهَا
  26. ↑ Ibn Babawayh, al-Saduq. Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih (in Arabic). Vol. 2. p. 182. قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ): لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ» وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ
  27. ↑ Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi, Muhammad-Baqir. Bihar al-Anwar (in Arabic). Vol. 93. p. Ch. 48.
  28. ↑ Al-Nouri Al-Tabarsi, Husayn. Mustadrak al-Wasa'il (in Arabic). Vol. 7. p. Ch. 12, Hadith 1, Nu. 8609.
  29. ↑ Al-Shajari, Yahya bin Hussein. Al-Amali Al-Khamisiyah (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 380, Nu. 1355. أَنَّ عَلِيًّا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ فَمَنْ قَالَهُ فَلْيَتَصَدَّقْ وَلْيَصُمْ كَفَّارَةً لِقَوْلِهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّٰهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  30. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, Abdul Rahman. A Great Collection of Fabricated Traditions|Al-Mawdu'at (in Arabic). Vol. 2. p. 187. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمُ اللَّٰهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  31. ↑ Aliyev, Rafig Y. (2013). Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4907-0521-7.
  32. ↑ Aliyev, Rafig Y. (2013). Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody. Trafford Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4907-0521-7.
  33. ↑ Ad-Dausaree, Mahmood Bin Ahmad Bin Saaleh (2006). The Magnificence of Quran. Darussalam Publishers.
  34. ↑ Aliyev, Rafig Y. (2013). Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody. Trafford Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4907-0521-7.
  35. ↑ Quran Chapter 2, Revelation 183
  36. ↑ al-Uthaymeen, Shaikh Saalih. Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles of Islam (Salafi): Sharh Usool ath-Thalatha of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahaab. Salafi Books. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020.
  37. ↑ Aliyev, Rafig Y. (2013). Loud Thoughts on Religion: A Version of the System Study of Religion. Useful Lessons for Everybody. Trafford Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-4907-0521-7.
  38. ↑ Jenkins, Philip (2006). The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. p. 182. Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.
  39. ↑ Chandler, Paul-Gordon (2008). Pilgrims of Christ on the Muslim Road: Exploring a New Path Between Two Faiths (in English). Cowley Publications. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7425-6603-3.
  40. ↑ Muhammad Mustafa al-Azami, "The History of The Quranic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments", 2nd Edition (2008), Azami Publishing House
  41. ↑ Lowry, Joseph (2024). "Quranic Law and Its 'Biblical' Intertexts". Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques (in English). 78 (3): 448. doi:10.1515/asia-2023-0017. ISSN 2235-5871.
  42. ↑ Hilal Sighting & Islamic Dates: Issues and Solution Insha'Allaah Archived 6 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Hilal Sighting Committee of North America (website Archived 31 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  43. ↑ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  44. ↑ Robinson, Neal (1999). Islam: A Concise Introduction. Washington: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0-87840-224-3.
  45. ↑ Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  46. ↑ Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 032 (Praying at Night during Ramadhan), Hadith 238". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  47. ↑ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2632". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
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