Raynaud syndrome
| Subclass of | peripheral artery disease  |
|---|---|
| Dem name after | Maurice Raynaud |
| Health specialty | immunology, rheumatology |
| ICPC 2 ID | K92 |
Raynaud syndrome, dem sanso know as Raynaud's phenomenon, be a medical condition insyd wich de spasm of small arteries dey cause episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles.[1] Typically de fingers, den, less commonly, de toes, be involved.[1] Rarely, de nose, ears, nipples, anaa lips be affected.[1] De episodes classically dey result in de affected part go turn white den then blue.[2] Often, numbness anaa pain dey occur.[2] As blood flow return, de area go turn red den dey burn.[2] De episodes typically dey last minutes buh fi last several hours.[2] Na dem name de condition after de physician Auguste Gabriel Maurice Raynaud, wey first describe am insyd ein doctoral thesis insyd 1862.[3]
Episodes be typically triggered by cold anaa emotional stress.[2] Primary Raynaud's be idiopathic (spontaneous den of unknown cause) wey e no correlate plus anoda disease. Dem dey diagnose secondary Raynaud's given de presence of an underlying condition wey e be associated plus an older age of onset.[4] In comparison to primary Raynaud's, episodes be more likely to be painful, asymmetric den progress to digital ulcerations.[5] Secondary Raynaud's fi occur secof a connective-tissue disorder such as scleroderma anaa lupus, injuries to de hands, prolonged vibration, smoking, thyroid problems, den certain medications, such as birth control pills den stimulants.[6] Diagnosis typically be based on de symptoms.[4]
De primary treatment be avoiding de cold.[4] Oda measures dey include de discontinuation of nicotine anaa stimulant use.[4] Medications give treatment of cases wey no dey improve dey include calcium channel blockers den iloprost.[4] As plus any ailment, der be little evidence say alternative medicine be helpful.[4] Severe disease fi be in rare cases lead to complications, specifically skin sores anaa gangrene.[2]
About 4% of people get de condition.[4] Onset of de primary form typically be between ages 15 den 30. De secondary form usually dey affect older people.[7] Both forms be more common insyd cold climates.[7]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 "What Is Raynaud's?". nhlbi.nih.gov. US: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Raynaud's?". nhlbi.nih.gov. US: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ↑ Koehler, Ulrich; Portig, Irene; Hildebrandt, Olaf; Koehler, Niklas Alexander (December 2019). "Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881) and the Mystery of 'Raynaud's Phanomenon'". Dtsch Med Wochenschr (in German). 144 (25): 1778–1783. doi:10.1055/a-0869-9899. PMID 31847013. S2CID 209409136.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wigley, FM; Flavahan, NA (11 August 2016). "Raynaud's Phenomenon". The New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (6): 556–65. doi:10.1056/nejmra1507638. PMID 27509103.
- ↑ Temprano, Katherine K (March 2016). "A Review of Raynaud's Disease". Missouri Medicine. 113 (2). Missouri State Medical Association: 124. ISSN 0026-6620. OCLC 790281069. PMC 6139949. PMID 27311222.
- ↑ "What Causes Raynaud's?". nhlbi.nih.gov. US: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- 1 2 "Who Is at Risk for Raynaud's?". nhlbi.nih.gov. US: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- What Is Raynaud's Disease at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Questions and Answers About Raynaud's Phenomenon at the National Institutes of Health
- Bakst R, Merola JF, Franks AG, Sanchez M (October 2008). "Raynaud's Phenomenon: Pathogenesis and Management". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 59 (4): 633–53. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.004. PMID 18656283.
