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Refugee camp

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Refugee camp
Subclass ofhuman settlement, displaced city Edit

A refugee camp be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.[1] Dem be usually built den run by a government, de United Nations, international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.[2]

Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue.

According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.[3] Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.[4]

Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.[5]

Facilities

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De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be 45 square metres (480 sq ft) per person of de accessible camp area.[6] Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:[7]

  • An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp.
  • Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m2 of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2 m apart.
  • Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15 m2 per person.
  • Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6 m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender.
  • Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20  L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households.
  • Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons.
  • Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons.
  • Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations.
  • Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp.
  • Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons.
Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.
  • Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.[6]

Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get:

  • Cemeteries anaa crematoria
  • Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons.
  • Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter.
  • Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship[8]

To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,[9] den analyzed by GIS.[10][11]

Food rations

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De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be:

  • 9 oz (260 g) whole grain (maize anaa sorghum)
  • 7 oz (200 g) milled grain (wheat flour)
  • 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil
  • 1 teaspoon salt
  • 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils)

Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers.

Refugee camps by country den population

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Populations of concern to UNHCR insyd refugee camps between 2006 den 2014
Country Camp 2006[12] 2007[13] 2008[14] 2009[15] 2010[16] 2011[17] 2012[18] 2013[19] 2014[20]
ChadAm Nabak16,50416,70116,69617,40218,08720,39523,61124,513 25,553
ChadAmboko12,06212,00212,05711,67111,11111,62711,29710,719 11,819
KenyaDagahaley, Dadaab39,52639,62665,58193,17993,470122,214121,127104,565 88,486
ChadDjabal15,16215,60217,15315,69317,20018,08318,89019,635 20,809
YemenAl Kharaz9,2989,49111,39416,46614,10016,90419,04716,816 16,500
ChadBreidjing28,93230,07732,66932,55934,46535,93837,49439,797 41,146
MalawiDzaleka4,9508,6909,42510,27512,81916,85316,66416,935 5,874
ChadFarchana18,94719,81521,18320,91521,98323,32324,41926,292 27,548
KenyaHagadera, Dadaab59,18570,41290,40383,518101,506137,528139,483114,729 106,968
SudanGirba8,9969,0815,1205,6455,5925,5706,2526,295 6,306
ChadGondje12,62412,66412,70011,1849,58610,00611,71711,349 12,138
KenyaIfo, Dadaab54,15761,83279,46979,42497,610118,97298,29499,761 83,750
ChadIridimi17,38018,26919,53118,15418,85921,32921,08321,976 22,908
KenyaKakuma90,45762,49753,06864,79169,82285,862107,205128,540 153,959
SudanKilo 2611,42312,6907,1337,6107,6087,6348,3108,303 8,391
ChadKounoungou13,31513,50018,51416,23716,92718,25119,14320,876 21,960
BangladeshKutapalong10,14410,70811,04711,25111,46911,70612,40412,626 13,176
ThailandMae La46,14838,13032,86230,07329,18827,62926,69025,156 46,978
ThailandMae La Oon14,36613,45013,47813,81111,99110,2049,6118,675 12,245
ThailandMae Ra Ma Luang12,84011,57811,30413,57111,74910,2699,4148,421 13,825
ChadMile15,55716,20217,47614,22117,38218,85319,82320,818 21,723
BangladeshNayapara16,01016,67917,07617,09117,54717,72918,06618,288 19,179
ThailandNu Po13,13113,37711,1139,8009,26215,98215,7157,927 13,372
TanzaniaNyarugusu52,71350,84149,62862,18462,72663,55168,13268,888 57,267
ChadOure Cassoni26,78628,03528,43031,18932,20636,16833,26735,415 36,466
EthiopiaShimelba13,04316,05710,64810,1359,1878,2956,0335,885 6,106
IndiaTamil Nadu69,60972,93473,28672,88369,99868,15267,16565,674 65,057
ChadTouloum22,35823,13124,93526,53224,50027,58827,94028,501 29,683
ChadTreguine14,92115,71817,26017,00017,82019,09919,95720,990 21,801
SudanUm Gargur9,84510,1048,1808,7158,6418,5508,94710,172 10,269
ThailandUm Pium19,46419,39714,05112,49411,74211,01710,5819,816 16,109
SudanWad Sherife33,37136,42913,63615,62615,81915,48115,47215,318 15,357
EthiopiaFugnido27,17518,726–20,20221,77022,69234,24742,044 53,218
ChadGaga12,40217,70820,67719,04319,88821,47422,26623,236 24,591
PakistanGamkol–37,46233,49933,03335,16932,83031,70131,326 30,241
PakistanGandaf–13,60912,65912,49712,73113,34612,63212,508 12,068
South SudanGendressa––––––14,75817,289 17,975
RwandaGihembe17,73218,08119,02719,40719,85319,82714,006– 14,735
LiberiaBahn–––––5,0218,8518,412 5,257
EthiopiaBambasi––––––12,19913,354 14,279
PakistanBarakai–30,26628,85128,59732,07728,09326,73925,909 24,786
EthiopiaTongo–––––9,6059,51810,399 11,075
ChadYaroungou15,26013,35216,57311,92510,54410,91611,594– –
South SudanYusuf Batil––––––36,75439,033 40,240
JordanZaatari–––––––145,209 84,773
PakistanThall–17,26615,60215,26915,41913,46812,97612,847 12,247
ThailandTham Hin7,7676,0075,078–4,2827,1507,242– 7,406
NepalTimai10,41310,4219,9358,5537,058––– –
PakistanTimer–13,91912,08011,83911,76411,1618,6658,603 8,690
AlgeriaTindouf90,00090,00090,00090,00090,00090,00090,00090,000 90,000
PakistanOld Akora–41,64737,75737,01942,87237,73636,69336,384 34,789
PakistanOld Shamshatoo–66,55658,77358,80461,20554,50253,57352,835 48,268
NamibiaOsire6,4867,7308,1228,506–––– –
UgandaPader––196,00090,00038,5506,677–– –
PakistanPadhana–10,56410,40310,38011,39310,0759,8929,775 9,362
PakistanPanian–65,03362,29361,82267,33258,81956,82056,295 53,816
PakistanPir Alizai–16,56314,71013,80215,15710,2439,7719,204 7,681
NepalSanischare21,28521,38620,12816,74513,64910,1739,2126,599 –
PakistanSaranan–24,62524,27224,11926,78621,92721,21820,744 18,248
SudanShagarab21,99922,70614,99016,56224,10427,80937,42834,147 34,039
EthiopiaSheder––6,5677,96410,45811,32611,88211,248 12,263
EthiopiaSherkole13,9588,989–––8,9627,5279,737 10,171
PakistanSurkhab–12,22511,87711,78912,3047,4227,2147,012 5,764
Burkina FasoMentao––––––6,90511,907 10,953
TanzaniaMtabila–90,68045,24736,00936,78937,554–– –
PakistanMunda–13,27411,38611,22512,72810,34110,1009,941 9,388
BurundiMusasa–6,7645,9846,5726,1536,3306,5006,829 7,001
ZambiaMwange21,17917,91114,4295,820–––– –
UgandaNakivale25,69233,17642,11352,249––64,373– 66,691
PakistanNew Durrani––––10,45814,39712,43814,978 –
PakistanOblan–11,5649,6249,56010,0659,4749,3319,294 9,015
LiberiaPTP––––––9,35312,734 15,300
UgandaRhino Camp18,49314,3285,582–––4,266– 18,762
UgandaRwamwanja––––––29,797– 52,489
LiberiaLittle Wlebbo––––––8,39910,009 8,481
TanzaniaLugufu75,25445,30828,995––––– –
TanzaniaLukole39,68525,490–––––– –
ThailandMai Nai Soi–19,10319,311–12,25212,24411,7309,725 12,414
EthiopiaMai Ayni–––15,76212,25514,43215,71518,207 17,808
IraqMakhmour11,90010,72810,912–11,10110,24010,55210,534 –
MozambiqueMaratane5,019–––6,6469,5767,3987,707 –
UgandaMasindi––55,00055,00020,0006,500–– –
ZambiaMayukwayukwa10,63610,66010,47410,184––10,11711,366 –
MauritaniaM'bera–––––––66,392 48,910
ZambiaMeheba13,73213,89215,76314,970––17,70817,806 8,410
EthiopiaMelkadida––––25,49140,69642,36543,480 44,645
ChadAbgadam–––––––21,914 21,571
EthiopiaAdi Harush––––6,92315,98223,56225,801 34,090
UgandaAdjumani54,05152,78421,71428,0007,365–9,27911,986 96,926
South SudanAjuong Thok–––––––6,691 15,015
DjiboutiAli Adde6,7396,3768,924–14,33319,50017,35417,523 18,208
UgandaAmuru––234,00098,00035,4756,779–– –
EthiopiaAwbarre / Teferiber–8,58111,04512,29313,12013,42613,33113,752 12,965
PakistanAzakhel–25,64924,25823,96326,34221,39821,23121,132 20,191
JordanAzraq–––––––– 11,315
PakistanBadaber–36,61430,32730,10731,34528,72926,22725,589 23,918
NepalBeldangi 1 & 252,99752,96750,35042,12236,76133,85531,97624,377 18,379
ChadBelome–––––––23,949 26,521
EthiopiaBokolmanyo–––21,70714,98838,50140,42341,670 41,665
GhanaBuduburam36,15926,17914,99211,334–––– –
EthiopiaBuramino––––––35,20740,114 39,471
BurundiBwagiriza2,8964,5266,15910,1059,289 9,480
NigerAbala––––––11,12612,216 12,938
PakistanChakdara–17,42016,42716,06918,75213,35411,24211,184 10,704
KenyaIfo 2, Dadaab–––––64,94569,26965,693 52,310
KenyaKambioos, Dadaab–––––10,83318,12620,435 21,035
ChadDogdore––––19,50019,50019,500– –
South SudanDoro–––––28,709–47,422 50,087
ChadDosseye2,2776,1588,5569,6079,4339,7249,92215,766 21,522
PakistanGirdi Jungle–29,78329,71729,71631,64222,74022,34022,065 17,376
NepalGoldhap9,6029,6948,3156,3564,764––– –
Burkina FasoGoudebo––––––4,9439,287 9,403
ChadGoz Amer19,26120,09721,64021,44924,60825,84127,09130,105 31,477
ChadGoz Beïda––––73,00073,00060,500– –
UgandaGulu––156,00044,0009,043––– –
YemenAl-Mazrak–––––12,07512,30812,416 –
EthiopiaHilaweyn–––––25,74730,96037,305 38,890
EthiopiaHitsats–––––––10,226 33,235
UgandaImpevi23,33122,0617,453––––– –
NigerIntikane–––––––11,221 12,738
Sri LankaJaffna–10,522––9,1086,436–– –
PakistanJalala–16,16014,11513,85416,09414,04213,42113,278 12,968
EthiopiaKobe–––––26,03331,65636,488 39,214
PakistanKoga–10,76610,4589,2649,1839,2168,8938,738 8,404
PakistanKot Chandna–15,13015,03715,01217,78715,10014,88914,664 13,796
EthiopiaKule–––––––– 46,314
PakistanJalozai–83,61632,15530,955100,74832,49957,77122,076 –
PakistanKababian–14,72911,29112,33513,21412,50412,16711,664 11,044
PakistanKacha Gari–26,72124,55428,365–––– –
ZambiaKala19,14316,87712,768––––– –
South SudanKaya–––––––18,788 21,918
UgandaKyaka II16,41018,22914,75017,442––18,055– 22,616
EthiopiaKebribeyah16,39916,87916,13216,49616,60116,40816,00915,788 –
IranRafsanjan12,715––6,6306,852––– –
PakistanKhaki–16,26716,01015,93316,22115,76814,93914,698 14,101
NepalKhudunabari13,50613,22613,25412,05411,0679,032–– –
BurundiKinama––8,4479,3699,4809,759 9,796
UgandaKitgum––164,000122,00012,2907,070–– –
RwandaKiziba17,97818,13018,32318,69318,88818,91915,927– –
PakistanKhairābād-Kund–14,67411,68611,66911,83912,92112,961– –
UgandaKyangwali19,13220,10913,43420,606––21,280– 40,023
GuineaLaine11,4065,185––4,187––– –
EthiopiaLeitchour–––––––– 47,711
BotswanaDukwe–––––––– 2,833[21]

References

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  1. ↑ "UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge,"" (PDF). fas.org. 2012. p. 35.
  2. ↑ Smith, Sean (10 August 2015). "Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  3. ↑ "UNHCR Global Trends 2015". United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
  4. ↑ Corsellis, Tom; Vitale, Antonella (2005). Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations. Oxfam. ISBN 9780855985349 – via Google Books.
  5. ↑ "From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid". International Rescue Committee (IRC). 27 April 2016.
  6. 1 2 "UNHCR| Emergency Handbook". emergency.unhcr.org.
  7. ↑ "Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations" (PDF). Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International (in English). Macmillan, Oxford. 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  8. ↑ McAlister, Elizabeth (2013). "Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 16 (4): 11–34. doi:10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11.
  9. ↑ "Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory". astrium-geo.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003" (PDF). www.cartographie.ird.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  11. ↑ "Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM)" (PDF). www.cartographie.ird.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2006". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  13. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2007". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2008". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2009". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  16. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2010". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  17. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2011". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2012". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  19. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2013". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2014". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  21. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Botswana Fact Sheet". United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
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