Jump to content

Refugee camp

From Wikipedia
Refugee camp
Subclass ofhuman settlement, displaced city Edit

A refugee camp be a temporary settlement dem build make dem receive refugees den people insyd refugee-like situations. Refugee camps usually dey accommodate displaced people wey dem flee dema home country, buh dem sanso dey make camps give internally displaced people. Usually, refugees dey seek asylum after na dem escape war insyd dema home countries, buh sam camps sanso dey house environmental den economic migrants. Camps plus over a hundred thousand people be common, buh as of 2012, de average-sized camp house around 11,400.[1] Dem be usually built den run by a government, de United Nations, international organizations (such as de International Committee of the Red Cross), anaa non-governmental organization. Unofficial refugee camps, such as Idomeni insyd Greece anaa de Calais jungle insyd France, be wer na refugees be largely left widout de support of governments anaa international organizations.[2]

Refugee camps generally dey develop insyd an impromptu fashion plus de aim of meeting basic human needs for a short time per. Facilities wey dey make a camp look anaa feel more permanent often be prohibited by host country governments. If na dem prevent de return of refugees (often by civil war), a humanitarian crisis fi result anaa continue.

According to UNHCR, chaw refugees worldwide no dey live insyd refugee camps. At de end of 2015, sam 67% of refugees around de world live insyd individual, private accommodations.[3] Dis fi be partly explained by de high number of Syrian refugees wey dey rent apartments insyd urban agglomerations across de Middle East. Worldwide, na dem report slightly over a quarter (25.4%) of refugees dem dey live insyd managed camps. At de end of 2015, about 56% of de total refugee population insyd rural locations reside insyd a managed camp, compared to de 2% wey reside insyd individual accommodation. Insyd urban locations, de overwhelming majority (99%) of refugees live insyd individual accommodations, dem compare plus less dan 1% wey live insyd a managed camp. A small percentage of refugees sanso dey live insyd collective centres, transit camps, den self-settled camps.[4]

Despite 74% of refugees dey insyd urban areas, de service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remain focused on de establishment den operation of refugee camps.[5]

Facilities

[edit | edit source]

De average camp size wey UNHCR recommend for be 45 square metres (480 sq ft) per person of de accessible camp area.[6] Within dis area, dem usually dey find de following facilities:[7]

  • An administrative headquarters make e coordinate services fi be insyd anaa outsyd de actual camp.
  • Sleeping accommodations frequently be tents, prefabricated huts, anaa dwellings dem construct of locally available materials. UNHCR dey recommend a minimum of 3.5 m2 of covered living area per person. Shelters for be at least 2 m apart.
  • Gardens dem attach to de family plot: UNHCR dey recommend a plot size of 15 m2 per person.
  • Hygiene facilities, such as washing areas, latrines, anaa toilets: UNHCR dey recommend one shower per 50 persons den one communal latrine per 20 persons. Distance for de latter for be no more dan 50 meters from de shelter den no be closer dan 6 m. Dem for separate hygiene facilities by gender.
  • Places for water collection: Either water tanks wer water be off-loaded from trucks (then filtered den potentially treated plus disinfectant chemicals such as chlorine), anaa water tap stands wey be connected to boreholes dem dey need. UNHCR dey recommend 20  L of water per person den one tap stand per 80 persons wey for no be farther dan 200 m away from households.
  • Clinics, hospitals den immunization centres: UNHCR dey recommend one health centre per 20,000 persons den one referral hospital per 200,000 persons.
  • Food distribution den therapeutic feeding centres: UNHCR dey recommend one food distribution centre per 5,000 persons den one feeding centre per 20,000 persons.
  • Communication equipment (e.g. radio): Sam long-standing camps get dema own radio stations.
  • Security, wey dey include protection from banditry (e.g. barriers den security checkpoints) den peacekeeping troops make dem prevent armed violence: Police stations fi be outsyd de actual camp.
  • Schools den training centres: UNHCR dey recommend one school per 5,000 persons.
Market stalls at Nong Samet Refugee Camp insyd 1984: Na dem establish de market wey e be run by de refugees wey dem sell goods wey komot Thailand, as well as chow, supplies, den medicines wey be distributed by aid agencies.
  • Markets den shops: UNHCR dey recommend one marketplace per 20,000 persons.[6]

Schools den markets fi be prohibited by de host country ein government make e discourage refugees from settling permanently insyd camps. Chaw refugee camps sanso get:

  • Cemeteries anaa crematoria
  • Locations for solid waste disposal: Dem for provide one 100 L rubbish container per 50 persons den one refuses pit per 500 persons.
  • Reception anaa transit centre wer refugees initially arrive den register before dem be allowed into de camp: Reception centres fi be outsyd de camps den closer to de border of de country wer refugees enter.
  • Churches anaa oda religious centres anaa places of worship[8]

To understand den monitor an emergency over a period of time, de development den organisation of de camps fi be tracked by satellite,[9] den analyzed by GIS.[10][11]

Food rations

[edit | edit source]

De World Food Programme (WFP) dey provide food rations twice a month: 2,100 calories/person/day. Ideally, e for be:

  • 9 oz (260 g) whole grain (maize anaa sorghum)
  • 7 oz (200 g) milled grain (wheat flour)
  • 1.5 tablespoons vegetable oil
  • 1 teaspoon salt
  • 3 tablespoons pulses (beans anaa lentils)

Diet be insensitive to cultural differences den household needs. WFP be frequently unable make e provide all of dese staples, thus dem dey distribute calories thru whatever commodity be available, e.g. maize flour per. Up to 90% of de refugees sell part anaa chaw of dema chow ration make dem get cash. Loss of de ration card dey mean no entitlement to food. Insyd 2015, na de WFP introduce electronic vouchers.

Refugee camps by country den population

[edit | edit source]
Populations of concern to UNHCR insyd refugee camps between 2006 den 2014
Country Camp 2006[12] 2007[13] 2008[14] 2009[15] 2010[16] 2011[17] 2012[18] 2013[19] 2014[20]
Chad Am Nabak 16,504 16,701 16,696 17,402 18,087 20,395 23,611 24,513 25,553
Chad Amboko 12,062 12,002 12,057 11,671 11,111 11,627 11,297 10,719 11,819
Kenya Dagahaley, Dadaab 39,526 39,626 65,581 93,179 93,470 122,214 121,127 104,565 88,486
Chad Djabal 15,162 15,602 17,153 15,693 17,200 18,083 18,890 19,635 20,809
Yemen Al Kharaz 9,298 9,491 11,394 16,466 14,100 16,904 19,047 16,816 16,500
Chad Breidjing 28,932 30,077 32,669 32,559 34,465 35,938 37,494 39,797 41,146
Malawi Dzaleka 4,950 8,690 9,425 10,275 12,819 16,853 16,664 16,935 5,874
Chad Farchana 18,947 19,815 21,183 20,915 21,983 23,323 24,419 26,292 27,548
Kenya Hagadera, Dadaab 59,185 70,412 90,403 83,518 101,506 137,528 139,483 114,729 106,968
Sudan Girba 8,996 9,081 5,120 5,645 5,592 5,570 6,252 6,295 6,306
Chad Gondje 12,624 12,664 12,700 11,184 9,586 10,006 11,717 11,349 12,138
Kenya Ifo, Dadaab 54,157 61,832 79,469 79,424 97,610 118,972 98,294 99,761 83,750
Chad Iridimi 17,380 18,269 19,531 18,154 18,859 21,329 21,083 21,976 22,908
Kenya Kakuma 90,457 62,497 53,068 64,791 69,822 85,862 107,205 128,540 153,959
Sudan Kilo 26 11,423 12,690 7,133 7,610 7,608 7,634 8,310 8,303 8,391
Chad Kounoungou 13,315 13,500 18,514 16,237 16,927 18,251 19,143 20,876 21,960
Bangladesh Kutapalong 10,144 10,708 11,047 11,251 11,469 11,706 12,404 12,626 13,176
Thailand Mae La 46,148 38,130 32,862 30,073 29,188 27,629 26,690 25,156 46,978
Thailand Mae La Oon 14,366 13,450 13,478 13,811 11,991 10,204 9,611 8,675 12,245
Thailand Mae Ra Ma Luang 12,840 11,578 11,304 13,571 11,749 10,269 9,414 8,421 13,825
Chad Mile 15,557 16,202 17,476 14,221 17,382 18,853 19,823 20,818 21,723
Bangladesh Nayapara 16,010 16,679 17,076 17,091 17,547 17,729 18,066 18,288 19,179
Thailand Nu Po 13,131 13,377 11,113 9,800 9,262 15,982 15,715 7,927 13,372
Tanzania Nyarugusu 52,713 50,841 49,628 62,184 62,726 63,551 68,132 68,888 57,267
Chad Oure Cassoni 26,786 28,035 28,430 31,189 32,206 36,168 33,267 35,415 36,466
Ethiopia Shimelba 13,043 16,057 10,648 10,135 9,187 8,295 6,033 5,885 6,106
India Tamil Nadu 69,609 72,934 73,286 72,883 69,998 68,152 67,165 65,674 65,057
Chad Touloum 22,358 23,131 24,935 26,532 24,500 27,588 27,940 28,501 29,683
Chad Treguine 14,921 15,718 17,260 17,000 17,820 19,099 19,957 20,990 21,801
Sudan Um Gargur 9,845 10,104 8,180 8,715 8,641 8,550 8,947 10,172 10,269
Thailand Um Pium 19,464 19,397 14,051 12,494 11,742 11,017 10,581 9,816 16,109
Sudan Wad Sherife 33,371 36,429 13,636 15,626 15,819 15,481 15,472 15,318 15,357
Ethiopia Fugnido 27,175 18,726 – 20,202 21,770 22,692 34,247 42,044 53,218
Chad Gaga 12,402 17,708 20,677 19,043 19,888 21,474 22,266 23,236 24,591
Pakistan Gamkol – 37,462 33,499 33,033 35,169 32,830 31,701 31,326 30,241
Pakistan Gandaf – 13,609 12,659 12,497 12,731 13,346 12,632 12,508 12,068
South Sudan Gendressa – – – – – – 14,758 17,289 17,975
Rwanda Gihembe 17,732 18,081 19,027 19,407 19,853 19,827 14,006 – 14,735
Liberia Bahn – – – – – 5,021 8,851 8,412 5,257
Ethiopia Bambasi – – – – – – 12,199 13,354 14,279
Pakistan Barakai – 30,266 28,851 28,597 32,077 28,093 26,739 25,909 24,786
Ethiopia Tongo – – – – – 9,605 9,518 10,399 11,075
Chad Yaroungou 15,260 13,352 16,573 11,925 10,544 10,916 11,594 – –
South Sudan Yusuf Batil – – – – – – 36,754 39,033 40,240
Jordan Zaatari – – – – – – – 145,209 84,773
Pakistan Thall – 17,266 15,602 15,269 15,419 13,468 12,976 12,847 12,247
Thailand Tham Hin 7,767 6,007 5,078 – 4,282 7,150 7,242 – 7,406
Nepal Timai 10,413 10,421 9,935 8,553 7,058 – – – –
Pakistan Timer – 13,919 12,080 11,839 11,764 11,161 8,665 8,603 8,690
Algeria Tindouf 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000
Pakistan Old Akora – 41,647 37,757 37,019 42,872 37,736 36,693 36,384 34,789
Pakistan Old Shamshatoo – 66,556 58,773 58,804 61,205 54,502 53,573 52,835 48,268
Namibia Osire 6,486 7,730 8,122 8,506 – – – – –
Uganda Pader – – 196,000 90,000 38,550 6,677 – – –
Pakistan Padhana – 10,564 10,403 10,380 11,393 10,075 9,892 9,775 9,362
Pakistan Panian – 65,033 62,293 61,822 67,332 58,819 56,820 56,295 53,816
Pakistan Pir Alizai – 16,563 14,710 13,802 15,157 10,243 9,771 9,204 7,681
Nepal Sanischare 21,285 21,386 20,128 16,745 13,649 10,173 9,212 6,599 –
Pakistan Saranan – 24,625 24,272 24,119 26,786 21,927 21,218 20,744 18,248
Sudan Shagarab 21,999 22,706 14,990 16,562 24,104 27,809 37,428 34,147 34,039
Ethiopia Sheder – – 6,567 7,964 10,458 11,326 11,882 11,248 12,263
Ethiopia Sherkole 13,958 8,989 – – – 8,962 7,527 9,737 10,171
Pakistan Surkhab – 12,225 11,877 11,789 12,304 7,422 7,214 7,012 5,764
Burkina Faso Mentao – – – – – – 6,905 11,907 10,953
Tanzania Mtabila – 90,680 45,247 36,009 36,789 37,554 – – –
Pakistan Munda – 13,274 11,386 11,225 12,728 10,341 10,100 9,941 9,388
Burundi Musasa – 6,764 5,984 6,572 6,153 6,330 6,500 6,829 7,001
Zambia Mwange 21,179 17,911 14,429 5,820 – – – – –
Uganda Nakivale 25,692 33,176 42,113 52,249 – – 64,373 – 66,691
Pakistan New Durrani – – – – 10,458 14,397 12,438 14,978 –
Pakistan Oblan – 11,564 9,624 9,560 10,065 9,474 9,331 9,294 9,015
Liberia PTP – – – – – – 9,353 12,734 15,300
Uganda Rhino Camp 18,493 14,328 5,582 – – – 4,266 – 18,762
Uganda Rwamwanja – – – – – – 29,797 – 52,489
Liberia Little Wlebbo – – – – – – 8,399 10,009 8,481
Tanzania Lugufu 75,254 45,308 28,995 – – – – – –
Tanzania Lukole 39,685 25,490 – – – – – – –
Thailand Mai Nai Soi – 19,103 19,311 – 12,252 12,244 11,730 9,725 12,414
Ethiopia Mai Ayni – – – 15,762 12,255 14,432 15,715 18,207 17,808
Iraq Makhmour 11,900 10,728 10,912 – 11,101 10,240 10,552 10,534 –
Mozambique Maratane 5,019 – – – 6,646 9,576 7,398 7,707 –
Uganda Masindi – – 55,000 55,000 20,000 6,500 – – –
Zambia Mayukwayukwa 10,636 10,660 10,474 10,184 – – 10,117 11,366 –
Mauritania M'bera – – – – – – – 66,392 48,910
Zambia Meheba 13,732 13,892 15,763 14,970 – – 17,708 17,806 8,410
Ethiopia Melkadida – – – – 25,491 40,696 42,365 43,480 44,645
Chad Abgadam – – – – – – – 21,914 21,571
Ethiopia Adi Harush – – – – 6,923 15,982 23,562 25,801 34,090
Uganda Adjumani 54,051 52,784 21,714 28,000 7,365 – 9,279 11,986 96,926
South Sudan Ajuong Thok – – – – – – – 6,691 15,015
Djibouti Ali Adde 6,739 6,376 8,924 – 14,333 19,500 17,354 17,523 18,208
Uganda Amuru – – 234,000 98,000 35,475 6,779 – – –
Ethiopia Awbarre / Teferiber – 8,581 11,045 12,293 13,120 13,426 13,331 13,752 12,965
Pakistan Azakhel – 25,649 24,258 23,963 26,342 21,398 21,231 21,132 20,191
Jordan Azraq – – – – – – – – 11,315
Pakistan Badaber – 36,614 30,327 30,107 31,345 28,729 26,227 25,589 23,918
Nepal Beldangi 1 & 2 52,997 52,967 50,350 42,122 36,761 33,855 31,976 24,377 18,379
Chad Belome – – – – – – – 23,949 26,521
Ethiopia Bokolmanyo – – – 21,707 14,988 38,501 40,423 41,670 41,665
Ghana Buduburam 36,159 26,179 14,992 11,334 – – – – –
Ethiopia Buramino – – – – – – 35,207 40,114 39,471
Burundi Bwagiriza 2,896 4,526 6,159 10,105 9,289 9,480
Niger Abala – – – – – – 11,126 12,216 12,938
Pakistan Chakdara – 17,420 16,427 16,069 18,752 13,354 11,242 11,184 10,704
Kenya Ifo 2, Dadaab – – – – – 64,945 69,269 65,693 52,310
Kenya Kambioos, Dadaab – – – – – 10,833 18,126 20,435 21,035
Chad Dogdore – – – – 19,500 19,500 19,500 – –
South Sudan Doro – – – – – 28,709 – 47,422 50,087
Chad Dosseye 2,277 6,158 8,556 9,607 9,433 9,724 9,922 15,766 21,522
Pakistan Girdi Jungle – 29,783 29,717 29,716 31,642 22,740 22,340 22,065 17,376
Nepal Goldhap 9,602 9,694 8,315 6,356 4,764 – – – –
Burkina Faso Goudebo – – – – – – 4,943 9,287 9,403
Chad Goz Amer 19,261 20,097 21,640 21,449 24,608 25,841 27,091 30,105 31,477
Chad Goz Beïda – – – – 73,000 73,000 60,500 – –
Uganda Gulu – – 156,000 44,000 9,043 – – – –
Yemen Al-Mazrak – – – – – 12,075 12,308 12,416 –
Ethiopia Hilaweyn – – – – – 25,747 30,960 37,305 38,890
Ethiopia Hitsats – – – – – – – 10,226 33,235
Uganda Impevi 23,331 22,061 7,453 – – – – – –
Niger Intikane – – – – – – – 11,221 12,738
Sri Lanka Jaffna – 10,522 – – 9,108 6,436 – – –
Pakistan Jalala – 16,160 14,115 13,854 16,094 14,042 13,421 13,278 12,968
Ethiopia Kobe – – – – – 26,033 31,656 36,488 39,214
Pakistan Koga – 10,766 10,458 9,264 9,183 9,216 8,893 8,738 8,404
Pakistan Kot Chandna – 15,130 15,037 15,012 17,787 15,100 14,889 14,664 13,796
Ethiopia Kule – – – – – – – – 46,314
Pakistan Jalozai – 83,616 32,155 30,955 100,748 32,499 57,771 22,076 –
Pakistan Kababian – 14,729 11,291 12,335 13,214 12,504 12,167 11,664 11,044
Pakistan Kacha Gari – 26,721 24,554 28,365 – – – – –
Zambia Kala 19,143 16,877 12,768 – – – – – –
South Sudan Kaya – – – – – – – 18,788 21,918
Uganda Kyaka II 16,410 18,229 14,750 17,442 – – 18,055 – 22,616
Ethiopia Kebribeyah 16,399 16,879 16,132 16,496 16,601 16,408 16,009 15,788 –
Iran Rafsanjan 12,715 – – 6,630 6,852 – – – –
Pakistan Khaki – 16,267 16,010 15,933 16,221 15,768 14,939 14,698 14,101
Nepal Khudunabari 13,506 13,226 13,254 12,054 11,067 9,032 – – –
Burundi Kinama – – 8,447 9,369 9,480 9,759 9,796
Uganda Kitgum – – 164,000 122,000 12,290 7,070 – – –
Rwanda Kiziba 17,978 18,130 18,323 18,693 18,888 18,919 15,927 – –
Pakistan Khairābād-Kund – 14,674 11,686 11,669 11,839 12,921 12,961 – –
Uganda Kyangwali 19,132 20,109 13,434 20,606 – – 21,280 – 40,023
Guinea Laine 11,406 5,185 – – 4,187 – – – –
Ethiopia Leitchour – – – – – – – – 47,711
Botswana Dukwe – – – – – – – – 2,833[21]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ "UNHCR: "Displacement: The New 21st Century Challenge,"" (PDF). fas.org. 2012. p. 35.
  2. ↑ Smith, Sean (10 August 2015). "Migrant life in Calais' Jungle refugee camp – a photo essay". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  3. ↑ "UNHCR Global Trends 2015". United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
  4. ↑ Corsellis, Tom; Vitale, Antonella (2005). Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations. Oxfam. ISBN 9780855985349 – via Google Books.
  5. ↑ "From sector to system: reform and renewal in humanitarian aid". International Rescue Committee (IRC). 27 April 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "UNHCR| Emergency Handbook". emergency.unhcr.org.
  7. ↑ "Refugee Health: An approach to emergency situations" (PDF). Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International (in English). Macmillan, Oxford. 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  8. ↑ McAlister, Elizabeth (2013). "Humanitarian Adhocracy, Transnational New Apostolic Missions, and Evangelical Anti-Dependency in a Haitian Refugee Camp" (PDF). Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 16 (4): 11–34. doi:10.1525/nr.2013.16.4.11.
  9. ↑ "Syrian refugee camps in Turkish territory". astrium-geo.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  10. ↑ "Beaudou A., Cambrézy L., Zaiss R., "Geographical Information system, environment and camp planning in refugee hosting areas: Approach, methods and application in Uganda," Institute for Research in Development (IRD); November 2003" (PDF). www.cartographie.ird.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  11. ↑ "Alain Beaudou, Luc Cambrézy, Marc Souris, "Environment, cartography, demography and geographical information system in the refugee camps Dadaab, Kakuma – Kenya," October 1999 UNHCR – IRD (ORSTOM)" (PDF). www.cartographie.ird.fr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
  12. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2006". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  13. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2007". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  14. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2008". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2009". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  16. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2010". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  17. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2011". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2012". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  19. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2013". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "The UN Refugee Agency 2014". www.unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  21. ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Botswana Fact Sheet". United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
[edit | edit source]
Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to Refugee camps.
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Refugee_camp&oldid=70188"