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Rheumatoid arthritis

From Wikipedia
rheumatoid arthritis
designated intractable/rare disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Health specialtyrheumatology, immunology Edit
Symptoms and signschronic secondary musculoskeletal pain Edit
Anatomical locationjoint Edit
External data available at URLhttp://www.nanbyou.or.jp/entry/43 Edit
ICD-9-CM714.0 Edit
ICPC 2 IDL88 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC2884 Edit

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) be a long-term autoimmune disorder wey primarily dey affect joints.[1] E dey typically result in warm, swollen, den painful joints.[1] Pain den stiffness often dey worsen following rest.[1] Most commonly, de wrist den hands be involved, plus de same joints dem typically involve on both sides of de body.[1] De disease sanso fi affect oda parts of de body, wey dey include skin, eyes, lungs, heart, nerves, den blood.[1] Dis fi result in a low red blood cell count, inflammation around de lungs, den inflammation around de heart.[1] Fever den low energy sanso fi be present.[1] Often, symptoms cam on gradually over weeks to months.[2]

While de cause of rheumatoid arthritis no be clear, e be believed to involve a combination of genetic den environmental factors.[1] De underlying mechanism dey involve de body ein immune system wey dey attack de joints.[1] Dis result in inflammation den thickening of de joint capsule.[1] E sanso dey affect de underlying bone den cartilage.[1] De diagnosis mostly be based on a person ein signs den symptoms.[2] X-rays den laboratory testing fi support a diagnosis anaa exclude oda diseases plus similar symptoms.[1] Oda diseases wey fi present similarly dey include systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, den fibromyalgia among odas.[2]

De goals of treatment be to reduce pain, decrease inflammation, den improve a person ein overall functioning.[3] Dis fi be helped by balancing rest den exercise, de use of splints den braces, anaa de use of assistive devices.[1][4][5] Pain medications, steroids, den NSAIDs frequently be used to help plus symptoms.[1] Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as hydroxychloroquine den methotrexate, fi be used to try to slow de progression of disease.[1] Biological DMARDs fi be used wen de disease no dey respond to oda treatments.[6] However, dem fi get a greater rate of adverse effects.[7] Surgery to repair, replace, anaa fuse joints fi help insyd certain situations.[1]

RA dey affect about 17.6 million people as of 2020.[8] Dis be 0.5–1% of adults insyd de developed world plus between 5 den 50 per 100,000 people newly developing de condition each year.[9] Onset be most frequent during middle age den women be affected 2.5 times as frequently as men.[1] E result in 38,300 deaths insyd 2020, up from 28,000 deaths insyd 1990.[8][10] Dem make de first recognize description of RA insyd 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772–1840) of Paris.[11] De term rheumatoid arthritis dey base on de Greek for watery den inflamed joints.[12]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Handout on Health: Rheumatoid Arthritis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. August 2014. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 Majithia V, Geraci SA (November 2007). "Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management". The American Journal of Medicine. 120 (11): 936–939. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.04.005. PMID 17976416.
  3. ↑ "Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management: recommendations: Guidance and guidelines". NICE. December 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16.
  4. ↑ Rausch Osthoff AK, Juhl CB, Knittle K, Dagfinrud H, Hurkmans E, Braun J, Schoones J, Vliet Vlieland TP, Niedermann K (2018-12-04). "Effects of exercise and physical activity promotion: meta-analysis informing the 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and hip/knee osteoarthritis". RMD Open. 4 (2) e000713. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000713. PMC 6307596. PMID 30622734.
  5. ↑ Park Y, Chang M (January 2016). "Effects of rehabilitation for pain relief in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review". Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 28 (1): 304–308. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.304. PMC 4756025. PMID 26957779.
  6. ↑ Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Vaysbrot E, McNaughton C, Osani M, Shmerling RH, Curtis JR, Furst DE, Parks D, Kavanaugh A, O'Dell J, King C, Leong A, Matteson EL, Schousboe JT, Drevlow B, Ginsberg S, Grober J, St Clair EW, Tindall E, Miller AS, McAlindon T (January 2016). "2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis". Arthritis & Rheumatology. 68 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1002/art.39480. PMID 26545940. S2CID 42638848.
  7. ↑ Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Macdonald JK, Filippini G, Skoetz N, Francis D, Lopes LC, Guyatt GH, Schmitt J, La Mantia L, Weberschock T, Roos JF, Siebert H, Hershan S, Lunn MP, Tugwell P, Buchbinder R (February 2011). "Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011 (2) CD008794. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008794.pub2. PMC 7173749. PMID 21328309.
  8. 1 2 "Global, regional, and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021". The Lancet. Rheumatology. 5 (10): e594 – e610. 2023. doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00211-4. ISSN 2665-9913. PMC 10546867. PMID 37795020.
  9. ↑ Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB (October 2016). "Rheumatoid arthritis" (PDF). Lancet. 388 (10055): 2023–2038. Bibcode:2016Lanc..388.2023S. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8. PMID 27156434. S2CID 37973054.
  10. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
  11. ↑ Landré-Beauvais AJ (1800). La goutte asthénique primitive (doctoral thesis). Paris. reproduced in Landré-Beauvais AJ (March 2001). "The first description of rheumatoid arthritis. Unabridged text of the doctoral dissertation presented in 1800". Joint, Bone, Spine. 68 (2): 130–143. doi:10.1016/S1297-319X(00)00247-5. PMID 11324929.
  12. ↑ Paget SA, Lockshin MD, Loebl S (2002). The Hospital for Special Surgery Rheumatoid Arthritis Handbook Everything You Need to Know. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-471-22334-4. Archived from the original on 2017-02-22.
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