Ridda Wars
| Part of | Muslim conquests  |
|---|---|
| Ein location | Arabian Peninsula |
| Followed by | Muslim conquest of Syria, Muslim conquest of Persia |
| Tym dem start | 632 |
| End tym | 633 |
| Participant | Rashidun Caliphate, Arabs |
De Ridda Wars be a series of military campaigns wey de first Rashidun caliph Abu Bakr launch against rebellious Arabian tribes, sam of wich be led by rival prophethood claimants. Dese wars begin shortly after de death of de Islamic prophet Muhammad insyd 632 wey e conclude de next year, wey de Rashidun Caliphate win all battles.[1][2]
Insyd September 632, Laqit, de leader of de Banu Azd tribe, prepare an army to attack Oman. However, commander Hudayfa ein forces defeat Laqit den ein rebel army. De next month, dem face more rebel attacks insyd Northern Arabia den Yemen, wich sanso be defeated. A few months later, dem kill Banu Hanifa ein chief Musaylimah, a rival claimant of prophethood plus an army of allegedly 40,000 soldiers, insyd de Battle of Yamama. De last major rebel attack cam from de tribe of Kinda insyd Hadhramaut insyd January 633. De campaigns cam to an end insyd June 633 as Abu Bakr unite all tribes of Arabia.[3]
Dese wars establish Khalid ibn al-Walid ein reputation as a great tactician den cavalry commander. A detailed reconstruction of de events be complicated by de frequently contradictory den tendentious accounts dem find insyd primary sources.[4]
Background
[edit | edit source]Insyd May 632, Muhammad order a large expedition to be prepared against de Byzantine Empire in order to avenge de martyrs of de Battle of Mu'tah. He appoint Usama ibn Zayd, de son of Zayd ibn Harithah wey dem kill insyd de Battle at Mu'tah, as commander of dis force so he fi avenge de death of ein poppie.[5][6][7] However, as Muhammad dey aile, dem delay de expedition. Insyd June 632, Muhammad die wey dem choose Abu Bakr as de caliph at Saqifah.
On de first day of ein caliphate, Abu Bakr order de army of Usama to prepare to march into battle. Na Abu Bakr dey under great pressure wey dey regard dis military expedition secof rising rebellions, wey chaw regions across Arabia dey withhold zakat[8] wey dem dey lef Islam.[2] Before ein march into battle, Usama send Umar to Abu Bakr wey dem report he say:
Abu Bakr however refuse ein demands. On June 26, 632, de army of Usama break camp wey dem move out. After leaving Medina, Usama march to Tabuk wer chaw of de tribes insyd de region oppose am fiercely, buh dem be defeated. Usama raid far den wide insyd de region of Northern Arabia, wey dey start plus de Quza'a, wey he then make ein way to Dawmatu l-Jandal (modern Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia). Usama next march to Mu'tah, he attack de Christian Arabs of de tribes of Banu Kalb den de Ghassanids insyd a small battle. Then he return to Medina, wey bring plus am a large number of captives den a considerable amount of wealth, part of wich comprise de spoils of war den part taxation of de re-conquered tribes. De Islamic army remain outsyd of Medina for 40 days. Dis expedition cam be notable insyd Islamic history as dem appoint de eighteen year old Usama as overall commander, wey dey lead veterans den high ranked Companions of the Prophet such as Umar, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa'id ibn Zayd, Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, den Qatada ibn al-Nu'man.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Laura V. Vaglieri in The Cambridge History of Islam, p.58
- 1 2 "Abu Bakr | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (in English). Retrieved 2021-11-06.
He suppressed the tribal political and religious uprisings known as the riddah ("political rebellion", sometimes translated as "apostasy"), thereby bringing central Arabia under Muslim control.
- ↑ Mikaberidze 2011, p. 751.
- ↑ M. Lecker (2012). "Al-Ridda". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8870.
- ↑ Ibn Sad: p. 707
- ↑ Ella Landau-Tasseron (January 1998). The History of al-Tabari Vol. 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors: al-Tabari's Supplement to His History. SUNY Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7914-2819-1.
- ↑ Idris El Hareir; Ravane Mbaye (2011). The Spread of Islam Throughout the World. UNESCO. p. 187. ISBN 978-92-3-104153-2.
- ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber (2022-01-14). "Perang Riddah, Pertempuran Abu Bakar Melawan Kaum Murtad Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-06-30.
External links
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