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Rubella

From Wikipedia
rubella
infectious disease, notifiable disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofviral infectious disease, rubella virus infectious disease, disease Edit
Has causeRubella virus Edit
Has effectcataract, Forchheimer spots Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases, neonatology Edit
Symptoms and signsrash, fever, sore throat, fatigue Edit
Possible treatmentsupportive care Edit
Disease transmission processdroplet infection Edit
ICD-9-CM056 Edit
ICPC 2 IDA74 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC85051 Edit

Rubella, dem sanso know as German measles anaa three-day measles,[1] be a vaccine-preventable infection wey de rubella virus cause.[2] Dis disease often be mild, plus half of people no dey realize say dem be infected.[3][4] A rash fi start around two weeks after exposure den last for three days.[3] E usually dey start on de face den dey spread to de rest of de body.[3] De rash sam times be itchy den no be as bright as dat of measles.[3] Swollen lymph nodes be common den fi last a few weeks.[3] A fever, sore throat, den fatigue sanso fi occur.[3][5] Joint pain be common insyd adults.[3] Complications fi include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, encephalitis, den inflammation of nerves.[3] Infection during early pregnancy fi result in a miscarriage anaa a kiddie dem born plus congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).[2] Symptoms of CRS dey manifest as problems plus de eyes such as cataracts, deafness, as well as affecting de heart den brain.[2] Problems be rare after de 20th week of pregnancy.[2]

Rubella usually be spread from one person to de next thru de air via coughs of people wey be infected.[2][6] People be infectious during de week before den after de appearance of de rash.[3] Babies plus CRS fi spread de virus for more dan a year.[3] Humans per be infected.[2] Insects no dey spread de disease.[3] Once recovered, people be immune to future infections.[2] Testing be available wey fi verify immunity.[2] Diagnosis be confirmed by finding de virus insyd de blood, throat, anaa urine.[3] Testing de blood for antibodies sanso fi be useful.[3]

Rubella be preventable plus de rubella vaccine, plus a single dose be more dan 95% effective.[2] Often dem dey give am in combination plus de measles vaccine den mumps vaccine, dem know as de MMR vaccine.[3] Wen sam, buh less dan 80%, of a population be vaccinated, more women fi reach childbearing age widout developing immunity by infection anaa vaccination, thus possibly dey raise CRS rates.[2] Once infected der be no specific treatment.[5]

Rubella be a common infection insyd chaw areas of de world.[5] Each year about 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome dey occur.[2] Rates of disease decrease insyd chaw areas as a result of vaccination.[4][5] Der be ongoing efforts to eliminate de disease globally.[2] Insyd April 2015, de World Health Organization declare de Americas free of rubella transmission.[7][8] De name "rubella" be from Latin den dey mean little red.[3] Na e be first described as a separate disease by German physicians insyd 1814, wey dey result in de name "German measles".[3]

References

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  1. ↑ Neighbors, M; Tannehill-Jones, R (2010). "Childhood diseases and disorders". Human diseases (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, New York: Delmar, Cengage Learning. pp. 457–79. ISBN 978-1-4354-2751-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lambert, N; Strebel, P; Orenstein, W; Icenogle, J; Poland, GA (7 January 2015). "Rubella". Lancet. 385 (9984): 2297–307. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60539-0. PMC 4514442. PMID 25576992.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Atkinson, William (2011). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12 ed.). Public Health Foundation. pp. 301–323. ISBN 978-0-9832631-3-5. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
  4. 1 2 "Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 86 (29): 301–16. 15 July 2011. PMID 21766537. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 McLean, Huong (2014). "3 Infectious Diseases Related To Travel". CDC health information for international travel 2014 : the yellow book. Oup USA. ISBN 978-0-19-994849-9. Archived from the original on 2015-04-24 – via cdc.gov.
  6. ↑ "Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles)". CDC.gov. US: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  7. ↑ Donald G. McNeil Jr. (April 29, 2015). "Rubella Has Been Eliminated From the Americas, Health Officials Say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2015.
  8. ↑ "Americas region is declared the world's first to eliminate rubella". PAHO.org. Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
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