Samori Ture

Samori Ture

human

Ein sex anaa gender	male
Ein country of citizenship	Guinea
Family name	Touré
Ein date of birth	1830
Place dem born am	Manyambaladugu
Date wey edie	2 June 1900
Place wey edie	Ndjolé
Manner of death	natural causes
Cause of death	pneumonia
Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign	Mandinka
Ein occupation	military personnel
Position ehold	monarch
Religion anaa worldview	Islam

Samori Ture (c. 1828 – June 2, 1900), na dem sanso know am as Samori Toure, Samory Touré, anaa Almamy Samore Lafiya Toure, na he be a Malinke den a Soninke Muslim cleric, military strategist, den founder of a massive empire wey e stretch across present-day north den eastern Guinea, north-eastern Sierra Leone, southern Mali, northern Côte d'Ivoire den part of southern Burkina Faso.

A deeply religious Muslim of de Maliki school of religious jurisprudence of Sunni Islam, na he organize ein empire den justify ein expansion plus Islamic principles. Na Ture resist French colonial rule insyd West Africa from 1882 til ein capture insyd 1898.

Na he be de great-grandpoppie of Guinea ein first presido, Ahmed Sékou Touré.

Early life den career

Na dem born Samori Ture c. 1830 insyd Manyambaladugu, de son of Kemo Lanfia Ture, a Dyula weaver den merchant, den Sokhona Camara. Na de family move go Sanankoro soon after ein birth.

Na Ture grow up as West Africa wey na dem transform am thru growing contacts den trade plus de Europeans insyd commodities, artisan goods den products. Na European trade make sam African trading states rich. Na de trade insyd firearms change traditional West African patterns of warfare wey na e heighten de severity of conflicts, wey dey increase de number of fatalities.

Na Ture be a troublesome youth, wey dey lead a group of local boys wey go steal fruit from fields. To put am on a better path, na ein poppie buy am sam merchandise wey he send am off make he cam be a merchant wey dey trade kola nuts from de coast for cloth.

Insyd 1853 na Sanankoro be raided by de Cissé clan wey na dem capture Samory ein mommie by de prince Sere Brahima, wey na ein older bro Sere Bourlaye be king insyd Madina. Na he go Madina make he exchange einself for ein mommie, wey he serve seven years as a warrior give de Cissé. Insyd dema service na he learn to handle firearms, de arts of war, den discipline, wey he convert to Islam. Brave den intelligent, na he move quickly up de ranks. Na Sere Bourlaye die insyd 1859. Soon afterwards Sere Brahima, wey succeed am, free Samory den ein mommie, wey na dem return to Sanankoro. According to tradition, na he remain "seven years, seven months, seven days" before he lef plus ein mommie.

Exile den death

Na dem bring Samori Ture to Kayes, den on December 22, 1898, na dem condemn am to exile, despite ein wish make he return to southern Guinea. Ein wifey Saranken Konate, wey na she often rule as regent during ein absences from Bissandougou, refuse make she accompany am. Emotionally devastated, na dem take am to Saint-Louis, Senegal on January 4, 1899. Na he attempt suicide de night before dem schedule he go be deported to Gabon buh he survive wey he finally embark on February 5.

De prison camp wer na Samori Ture spend ein last years, de small island of Missanga insyd de middle of de Ogooué River near Ndjolé, ne e be known as de 'dry guillotine' secof de death rate among prisoners. He die der of pneumonia on June 2, 1900, at 4:45 pm.

Insyd popular culture

• Massa Makan Diabaté ein play Une hyène à jeun (A Hyena with an Empty Stomach, 1988) dey dramatize Samori Ture ein signing of de 1886 Treaty of Kéniéba-Koura, wich grant de left bank of de Niger to France.
• Guinean band Bembeya Jazz National commemorate Ture insyd dema 1969 release Regard sur le passé. De album dey draw upon Manding Djeli traditions den dey consist of two recordings dat recount Ture ein anti-colonial resistance den nation-building.

• Author Ta-Nehisi Coates dey reference Ture insyd ein book Between the World and Me wen na he dey explain to ein son wer ein name Samori cam from.
• Ivorien reggae superstar Alpha Blondy eulogise Ture insyd ein hit song "Bory Samory" from de Album Cocody Rock.
• Italian band Classica Orchestra Afrobeat wey be directed by Marco Zanotti produce Regard sur le Passe insyd 2014, wich be a 3 act musical suite wich dey tell de epic story of Ture plus two on-stage griots – Sekouba Bambino den Baba Sissoko.

Sources

• Ajayi, J.F. Ade, ed. (1989). UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. VI: Africa in the Nineteenth Century until the 1880s. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-92-3-101712-4.
• Asante, Molefi Kete, The History of Africa: The Quest for Eternal Harmony (New York: Routledge, 2007).
• Boahen, A. Adu, ed. UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. VII: Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880–1935 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
• Boahen, A. Adu (1989). African Perspective on Colonialism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 144 pages. ISBN 0-8018-3931-9.
• Boahen, A. Adu (1990). Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880-1935. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 357 pages. ISBN 0-520-06702-9.
• Gann, L. H., and Peter Duigan, eds. Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1960, Vol. 1: The History and Politics of Colonialism 1870–1914 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1969).
• Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. California: University of California Press. p. 1076 pages. ISBN 0-520-03916-5.

• Oliver, Roland, and G. N. Sanderson, eds. The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 6: from 1870–1905 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
• Person, Yves (1968–1975). Samori, Une révolution Dyula. Vol. 3 volumes. Dakar: IFAN. p. 2377 pages. A fourth volume of maps published in Paris in 1990. Monumental work of history perhaps unique in African literature.
• Piłaszewicz, Stanisław. 1991. On the Veracity of Oral Tradition as a Historical Source: – the Case of Samori Ture. In Unwritten Testimonies of the African Past. Proceedings of the International Symposium held in Ojrzanów n. Warsaw on 07-08 November 1989 ed. by S. Piłaszewicz and E. Rzewuski, (Orientalia Varsoviensia 2). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. [1]

External links

• Samori biography
• West Africa; the fight for survival
• New York Times article about his capture