Jump to content

Sanitation

From Wikipedia
sanitation
activity, concept
Subclass ofhygiene, environmental factor, environmental policy Edit
Facet givewater management Edit
Practiced bysanitation worker Edit
Usessanitary ware Edit

Sanitation dey refer to public health conditions wey relate to clean drinking water den treatment den disposal of human excreta den sewage.[1] Preventing human contact plus feces be part of sanitation, as be hand washing plus soap. Sanitation systems dey aim to protect human health by providing a clean environment wey go stop de transmission of disease, especially thru de fecal–oral route.[2] For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition den stunted growth insyd kiddies, fi be reduced thru adequate sanitation.[3] Der be chaw oda diseases wich be easily transmitted insyd communities wey get low levels of sanitation, such as ascariasis (a type of intestinal worm infection anaa helminthiasis), cholera, hepatitis, polio, schistosomiasis, den trachoma, to name just a few.

A range of sanitation technologies den approaches dey exist. Sam examples be community-led total sanitation, container-based sanitation, ecological sanitation, emergency sanitation, environmental sanitation, onsite sanitation den sustainable sanitation. A sanitation system dey include de capture, storage, transportation, treatment den disposal anaa reuse of human excreta den wastewater.[4] Reuse activities within de sanitation system fi focus on de nutrients, water, energy anaa organic matter dem contain insyd excreta den wastewater. Dis be referred to as de "sanitation value chain" anaa "sanitation economy".[5][6] De people responsible for cleaning, maintaining, operating, anaa emptying a sanitation technology at any step of de sanitation chain be called "sanitation workers".[7]: 2 

Chaw sanitation "levels" be used to compare sanitation service levels within countries anaa across countries.[8] De sanitation ladder wey de Joint Monitoring Programme define insyd 2016 dey start at open defecation den dey move upwards using de terms "unimproved", "limited", "basic", wey de highest level be "safely managed".[8] Dis be particularly applicable to developing countries.

De human right to water and sanitation be recognized by de United Nations General Assembly insyd 2010. Sanitation be a global development priority den de subject of Sustainable Development Goal 6.[9] De estimate insyd 2017 by JMP dey state say 4.5 billion people currently no get safely managed sanitation.[9] Lack of access to sanitation get an impact no be on public health per buh sanso on human dignity den personal safety.

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ "sanitation | Definition of sanitation in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  2. ↑ SuSanA (2008). Towards more sustainable sanitation solutions Archived 2017-10-12 at the Wayback Machine. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)
  3. ↑ "Diarrhoeal disease". World Health Organization (in British English). Archived from the original on 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  4. ↑ Gates Foundation (2010). "Water Sanitation Hygiene Fact Sheet 2010" (PDF). Gates Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  5. ↑ Paranipe, Nitin (19 September 2017). "The rise of the sanitation economy: how business can help solve a global crisis". Thomson Reuters Foundation News. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  6. ↑ Introducing the Sanitation Economy (PDF). Toilet Board Coalition. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  7. ↑ World Bank, ILO, WaterAid, and WHO (2019). Health, Safety and Dignity of Sanitation Workers: An Initial Assessment Archived 2022-12-11 at the Wayback Machine. World Bank, Washington, DC.
  8. 1 2 "Sanitation | JMP". washdata.org (in English). Archived from the original on 2021-07-21. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  9. 1 2 WHO and UNICEF (2017) Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines Archived 2019-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanitation&oldid=104049"