Scarlet fever
| Subclass of | upper respiratory tract disease, streptococcal infection, disease  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Health specialty | infectious diseases, pediatrics |
| Medical examination | physical examination |
| Disease transmission process | droplet transmission |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/scarlet_fever_2 |
| ICD-9-CM | 034, 034.1 |
Scarlet fever, dem sanso know as scarlatina den scarlatiniform rash, be an infectious disease wey Streptococcus pyogenes cause, a Group A streptococcus (GAS).[1] E most commonly dey affect kiddies den young adolescents between five den 15 years of age.[2] De signs den symptoms dey include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, den a characteristic rash.[2] De face be flushed wey de rash be red den blanching.[3] E typically dey feel like sandpaper wey de tongue fi be red den bumpy.[2] De rash dey occur as a result of capillary damage by exotoxins wey be produced by S. pyogenes.[4] On darker-pigmented skin de rash fi be hard to discern.[5]
Scarlet fever dey develop insyd a small number of people wey get strep throat anaa streptococcal skin infections.[2] De bacteria usually be spread by people wey dey cough anaa dey sneeze.[2] E sanso be spread wen na a person touch an object wey get de bacteria for ein top den then touch dema mouth anaa nose.[2] Dem typically confirm de diagnosis by culturing swabs of de throat.[2]
Der be no vaccine for scarlet fever.[2] Prevention be by frequent handwashing, no dey share personal items, den dey stay away from oda people wen sick.[2] De disease be treatable plus antibiotics, wich dey reduce symptoms den spread, den prevent chaw complications.[2] Outcomes plus scarlet fever typically be good if dem treat.[2] Long-term complications as a result of scarlet fever dey include kidney disease, rheumatic fever, den arthritis.[2]
Insyd de early 20th century, na scarlet fever be a leading cause of death insyd kiddies, buh even before World War II den de introduction of antibiotics, na ein severity already dey decline. Na dem suggest dis decline be secof better living conditions, de introduction of better control measures, anaa a decline insyd de virulence of de bacteria.[6][7] Insyd recent years, na der be signs of antibiotic resistance; na der be an outbreak insyd Hong Kong insyd 2011 den insyd de UK insyd 2014, wey na de occurrence of de disease rise by 68% insyd de UK between 2014 den 2018. Na research dem publish insyd October 2020 show say na infection of de bacterium by three viruses lead to more virulent strains of de bacterium.[8]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Scarlet Fever: Information For Clinicians | CDC". www.cdc.gov (in American English). 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Scarlet Fever: All You Need to Know". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ↑ Michaels, Marian `G.; Williams, John V. (2023). "13. Infectious diseases". In Zitelli, Basil J.; McIntire, Sara C.; Nowalk, Andrew J.; Garrison, Jessica (eds.). Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis (in English) (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 468–471. ISBN 978-0-323-77788-9. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ↑ Stevens, Dennis L.; Bryant, Amy E. (2022). "21. Life-threatening skin and soft tissue infections". In Jong, Elaine C.; Stevens, Dennis L. (eds.). Netter's Infectious Diseases (in English) (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-323-71159-3. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ↑ "Scarlet fever: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment". GOV.UK (in English). Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ↑ Smallman-Raynor, Matthew (2012). Atlas of epidemic Britain: a twentieth century picture. Oxford University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-19-957292-2. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017.
- ↑ Welte, Alex; Williams, Brian; Hitchcock, Gavin (2017). "5.18. Mathematical models of transmission and control of infectious agents". In Detels, Roger; Gulliford, Martin; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Tan, Chorh Chuan (eds.). Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health (in English). Vol. 1 (6th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 648–650. ISBN 978-0-19-871930-4. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ↑ Richardson, Holly (7 October 2020). "Scarlet fever is making a comeback after being infected with a toxic virus, researchers say". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Archived from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
External links
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