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Scleroderma

From Wikipedia
scleroderma
type of disease
Subclass ofrheumatism, collagen disease Edit
Health specialtyimmunology Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/scleroderma Edit

Scleroderma be a group of autoimmune diseases wey fi result in changes to de skin, blood vessels, muscles, den internal organs.[1][2][3] De disease fi either be localized to de skin anaa involve oda organs as well.[1] Symptoms fi include areas of thickened skin, stiffness, feeling tired, den poor blood flow to de fingers anaa toes plus cold exposure.[4] One form of de condition, dem know as CREST syndrome, classically dey result in calcium deposits, Raynaud's syndrome, esophageal problems, thickening of de skin of de fingers den toes, den areas of small, dilated blood vessels.[4]

De cause be unknown, buh e fi be secof an abnormal immune response.[1] Risk factors dey include family history, certain genetic factors, den exposure to silica.[5][6][7] De underlying mechanism dey involve de abnormal growth of connective tissue, wich dem believe to be de result of de immune system wey dey attack healthy tissues.[2] Diagnosis dey base on symptoms, wey a skin biopsy anaa blood tests support.[2]

While no cure be known, treatment fi improve symptoms.[1] Medications dem use include corticosteroids, methotrexate, den non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).[1] Outcome dey depend on de extent of disease.[5] Those plus localized disease generally get a normal life expectancy.[8] Insyd those plus systemic disease, life expectancy fi be affected, wey dis dey vary base on subtype.[5] Death often be secof lung, gastrointestinal, anaa heart complications.[5]

About three per 100,000 people per year develop de systemic form.[9] De condition most often dey begin insyd middle age.[10] Women more often be affected dan men.[10] Scleroderma symptoms first be described insyd 1753 by Carlo Curzio[11] wey then dem well document am insyd 1842.[12] De term be from de Greek skleros wey dey mean "hard" den derma wey dey mean skin.[13][14][15]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Scleroderma". GARD (in English). 2017. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 Branch, NIAMS Science Communications and Outreach (2017-04-12). "Scleroderma". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (in English). Retrieved 2026-04-13.
  3. ↑ Denton CP, Khanna D (October 2017). "Systemic sclerosis". Lancet. 390 (10103): 1685–1699. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30933-9. PMID 28413064. S2CID 22247432.
  4. 1 2 "Scleroderma". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2007. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Jameson L (2018). "Chapter 353". Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill.
  6. ↑ Barnes J, Mayes MD (March 2012). "Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: incidence, prevalence, survival, risk factors, malignancy, and environmental triggers". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 24 (2): 165–70. doi:10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834ff2e8. PMID 22269658. S2CID 24050211.
  7. ↑ Greenblatt MB, Aliprantis AO (January 2013). "The immune pathogenesis of scleroderma: context is everything". Current Rheumatology Reports. 15 (1) 297. doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0297-8. PMC 3539168. PMID 23288576.
  8. ↑ Unsal E (2006). Current Opinions in Pediatric Rheumatology (in English). Nova Publishers. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-59454-871-0. Archived from the original on 2017-09-06.
  9. ↑ Jameson L (2018). "Chapter 353". Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (20th ed.). McGraw Hill.
  10. 1 2 "Scleroderma". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2007. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  11. ↑ Mackay IR, Rose NR (2006). The Autoimmune Diseases (in English). Academic Press. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-08-045474-0.
  12. ↑ Firestein GS, Kelley WN, Budd RC (2012). Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1366. ISBN 978-1-4377-1738-9. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04.
  13. ↑ "Scleroderma - Etymology, Origin & Meaning". etymonline (in American English). Retrieved 2026-04-13.
  14. ↑ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, σκληρός". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2026-04-13.
  15. ↑ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, δέρμα". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2026-04-13.
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