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Scopolamine

From Wikipedia
L-scopolamine
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofLSM-4015 Edit
Part ofscopolamine biosynthetic process, 6-beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine epoxidase activity Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stereoisomer of(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0²,⁴]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, (+)-Scopolamine, (1R,2S,4R,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0²,⁴]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₂₁NO₄ Edit
Canonical SMILESCN1C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(CO)C4=CC=CC=C4 Edit
Isomeric SMILESCN1[C@@H]2C[C@H](C[C@H]1[C@H]3[C@@H]2O3)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)C4=CC=CC=C4 Edit
Active ingredient inTransderm Scop Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category B2, US pregnancy category C Edit
Subject has rolemuscarinic antagonist, serotonin antagonist, H1 antagonist, essential medicine Edit

Scopolamine, dem sanso know as hyoscine,[1] anaa Devil's Breath,[2] be a medication dem use to treat motion sickness[3] den postoperative nausea den vomiting.[4][5] E sanso sam times be used before surgery to decrease saliva.[5] Wen dem use by injection, effects dey begin after about 20 minutes den last for up to 8 hours.[5] E sanso be used orally den as a transdermal patch since na e be long known to have transdermal bioavailability.[5][6]

Scopolamine dey insyd de antimuscarinic family of drugs wey e dey work by blocking sam of de effects of acetylcholine within de nervous system.[5]

Na dem first write about scopolamine insyd 1881 wey na e start to be used for anesthesia around 1900.[7][8] Scopolamine sanso be de main active component dem produce by certain plants of de nightshade family, wich historically na e be used as psychoactive drugs, dem know as deliriants, secof dema antimuscarinic-induced hallucinogenic effects insyd higher doses.[4] Insyd dese contexts, na ein mind-altering effects be utilized for recreational den occult purposes.[9]: 277–282  De name scopolamine be derived from one type of nightshade dem know as Scopolia, while de name "hyoscine" be derived from anoda type dem know as Hyoscyamus niger, anaa black henbane.[10][11] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12]

References

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  1. ↑ Juo PS (2001). Concise Dictionary of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology (2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 570. ISBN 978-1-4200-4130-9. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  2. ↑ Duffy R (23 July 2007). "Colombian Devil's Breath". Vice. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "About hyoscine hydrobromide". nhs.uk. National Health Service. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  4. 1 2 Osbourn AE, Lanzotti V (2009). Plant-derived Natural Products: Synthesis, Function, and Application. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-387-85498-4. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Scopolamine". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  6. ↑ Sollmann T (1957). A Manual of Pharmacology and Its Applications to Therapeutics and Toxicology (8th ed.). Philadelphia and London: W.B. Saunders.
  7. ↑ Keys TE (1996). The history of surgical anesthesia (PDF) (Reprint ed.). Park Ridge, Ill.: Wood Library, Museum of Anesthesiology. p. 48ff. ISBN 978-0-9614932-7-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  8. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 551. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
  9. ↑ Kennedy DO (2014). "The Deliriants - The Nightshade (Solanaceae) Family". Plants and the Human Brain. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137. ISBN 978-0-19-991401-2. LCCN 2013031617. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  10. ↑ The Chambers Dictionary. Allied Publishers. 1998. pp. 788, 1480. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8.
  11. ↑ Cattell HW (1910). Lippincott's new medical dictionary. Lippincott. p. 435. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2012 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
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