Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
| Subclass of | antidepressant, neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor, serotonergic agent, serotonin reuptake inhibitor  |
|---|---|
| Subject has role | antidepressant |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) be a class of drugs wey be typically used as antidepressants insyd de treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, den oda psychological conditions.
SSRIs primarily dey work by blocking serotonin reabsorption (reuptake) via de serotonin transporter, wey dey lead to gradual changes in brain signaling den receptor regulation, wey sam sanso dey interact plus sigma-1 receptors, particularly fluvoxamine, wich fi contribute to cognitive effects. Marketed SSRIs dey include six main antidepressants—citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, den sertraline—den dapoxetine, wich dem indicate for premature ejaculation. Dem approve fluoxetine for veterinary use insyd de treatment of canine separation anxiety.
SSRIs be de most widely prescribed antidepressants insyd chaw countries.[1] Insyd adults, dem be recommended as a first-line treatment give moderate to severe depression, while for mild depression non-drug treatments be preferred unless de patient choose medication.[2] SSRIs get modest benefits over placebo, plus uncertain clinical significance,[3] wey fi produce a substantial drug-specific response insyd a minority of patients per.[4] Der be no consistent evidence wey dey link depression to low serotonin levels, den long-term use fi reduce serotonin concentrations.[5] Fifty years after dema introduction, SSRIs remain widely used for depression, though dema effectiveness, mechanisms, den role insyd medicalizing normal life remain debated.[6]
Dema effectiveness, especially for mild to moderate depression, remain debated due to mixed research findings den concerns about bias, placebo effects, den adverse outcomes. SSRIs fi cause a range of side effects, wey dey include movement disorders like akathisia den various forms of sexual dysfunction—such as anorgasmia, erectile dysfunction, den reduced libido—plus sam effects wey potentially dey persist long after discontinuation (post-SSRI sexual dysfunction). SSRIs dey pose drug interaction risks by potentially dey cause serotonin syndrome, wey dey reduce efficacy plus NSAIDs, den dey alter drug metabolism thru CYP450 enzyme inhibition. SSRIs be safer in overdose dan tricyclics buh still fi cause severe toxicity in large anaa combined doses. Stopping SSRIs abruptly fi cause withdrawal symptoms, so tapering, especially from paroxetine, be recommended, wey fluoxetine dey cause fewer issues.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Preskorn SH, Ross R, Stanga CY (2004). "Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors". In Preskorn SH, Feighner HP, Stanga CY, Ross R (eds.). Antidepressants: Past, Present and Future. Berlin: Springer. pp. 241–262. ISBN 978-3-540-43054-4.
- ↑ "Recommendations | Depression in adults: treatment and management | Guidance | NICE". www.nice.org.uk. 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2025-10-02.
- ↑ Hengartner, Michael P.; Plöderl, Martin (2022-04-01). "Estimates of the minimal important difference to evaluate the clinical significance of antidepressants in the acute treatment of moderate-to-severe depression". BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine (in English). 27 (2): 69–73. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111600. ISSN 2515-446X. PMID 33593736.
- ↑ Stone, Marc B.; Yaseen, Zimri S.; Miller, Brian J.; Richardville, Kyle; Kalaria, Shamir N.; Kirsch, Irving (2022-08-02). "Response to acute monotherapy for major depressive disorder in randomized, placebo controlled trials submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration: individual participant data analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 378 e067606. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067606. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 9344377. PMID 35918097.
- ↑ Moncrieff, Joanna; Cooper, Ruth E.; Stockmann, Tom; Amendola, Simone; Hengartner, Michael P.; Horowitz, Mark A. (2022-07-20). "The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence". Molecular Psychiatry (in English). 28 (8): 3243–3256. doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01661-0. ISSN 1476-5578. PMC 10618090. PMID 35854107. S2CID 250646781.
- ↑ Lancet, The (2025-05-10). "50 years of SSRIs: weighing benefits and harms". The Lancet (in English). 405 (10490): 1641. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00981-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 40348448.
External links
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