Sepsis
| Sepsis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Skin blotching den inflammation secof sepsis | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease, critical care medicine, emergency medicine |
| Symptoms |
|
| Complications |
|
| Usual onset | Fi be rapid (less dan three hours) anaa prolonged (chaw days) |
| Causes | Immune response wey be triggered by an infection |
| Risk factors |
|
| Diagnostic method | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), qSOFA |
| Prevention | influenza vaccination, vaccines, pneumonia vaccination |
| Treatment | Intravenous fluids, antimicrobials, vasopressors |
| Prognosis | 10 to 80% risk of death; Dese mortality rates (dem be for a range of conditions along a spectrum: sepsis, severe sepsis, den septic shock) fi be lower if dem treat am aggressively den early, dey depend on de organism den disease, de patient ein previous health, den de abilities of de treatment location den ein staff |
| Frequency | Insyd 2017 na der be 48.9 million cases den 11 million sepsis-related deaths worldwide (according to WHO) |
Sepsis be a potentially life-threatening condition wey dey arise wen de body ein response to infection dey cause injury to ein own tissues den organs.[1][2]
Dis initial stage of sepsis be followed by suppression of de immune system.[3] Common signs den symptoms dey include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, den confusion.[4] Der sanso fi be symptoms wey be related to a specific infection, such as a cough plus pneumonia, anaa painful urination plus a kidney infection.[5] De very young, old, den people plus a weakened immune system no fi get any symptoms specific to dema infection, wey dema body temperature fi be low anaa normal instead of e dey constitute a fever.[5] Severe sepsis dey cause organ dysfunction anaa blood flow.[6] De presence of low blood pressure, high blood lactate, anaa low urine output fi suggest poor blood flow.[6] Septic shock be low blood pressure secof sepsis wey no dey improve after fluid replacement.[6]
Sepsis be caused by chaw organisms wey dey include bacteria, viruses, den fungi.[7] Common locations give de primary infection dey include de lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, den abdominal organs.[5] Risk factors dey include being very young anaa old, a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer anaa diabetes, major trauma, den burns.[4] A shortened sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA score), dem know as de quick SOFA score (qSOFA), na e replace de SIRS system of diagnosis.[1] qSOFA criteria for sepsis dey include at least two of de following three: increased breathing rate, change insyd de level of consciousness, den low blood pressure.[1] Sepsis guidelines dey recommend make dem dey obtain blood cultures before starting antibiotics; however, de diagnosis no dey require de blood e be infected.[5] Medical imaging be helpful wen you dey look for de possible location of de infection.[8] Oda potential causes of similar signs den symptoms dey include anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency, low blood volume, heart failure, den pulmonary embolism.[5]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. (February 2016). "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)". JAMA. 315 (8): 801–810. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PMC 4968574. PMID 26903338.
- ↑ Angus DC, van der Poll T (August 2013). "Severe sepsis and septic shock". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208623. PMID 23984731.
- ↑ Cao C, Yu M, Chai Y (October 2019). "Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis". Cell Death & Disease. 10 (10): 782. doi:10.1038/s41419-019-2015-1. PMC 6791888. PMID 31611560.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Sepsis Questions and Answers". cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Jui J, et al. (American College of Emergency Physicians) (2011). "Ch. 146: Septic Shock". In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD (eds.). Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1003–14. ISBN 9780071484800.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. (February 2013). "Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012". Critical Care Medicine. 41 (2): 580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af. PMID 23353941.
- ↑ Sehgal M, Ladd HJ, Totapally B (December 2020). "Trends in Epidemiology and Microbiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children". Hospital Pediatrics. 10 (12): 1021–1030. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2020-0174. PMID 33208389. S2CID 227067133.
- ↑ Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM, et al. (February 2013). "Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012". Critical Care Medicine. 41 (2): 580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af. PMID 23353941.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- SIRS, Sepsis, and Septic Shock Criteria Archived 17 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- "Sepsis". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
