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Skin cancer

From Wikipedia
skin cancer
class of disease
Subclass ofintegumentary system cancer, skin neoplasm, skin disease, disease Edit
Has causeCMM, ultraviolet radiation Edit
Health specialtydermatology Edit
Anatomical locationzone of skin Edit
ICD-9-CM173.8, 173.9 Edit
ICPC 2 IDS77 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC2920 Edit

Skin cancers be cancers wey dey arise from de skin. Dem be secof de development of abnormal cells wey get de ability to invade anaa spread to oda parts of de body.[1] E dey occur wen skin cells grow uncontrollably, dey form malignant tumors. De primary cause of skin cancer be prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from de sun anaa tanning devices. Skin cancer be de most commonly diagnosed form of cancer insyd humans.[2][3][4] Der be three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) den melanoma.[5] De first two, along plus a number of less common skin cancers, be known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).[6][7] Basal-cell cancer dey grow slowly wey fi damage de tissue around am buh e be unlikely to spread to distant areas anaa result in death.[6] E often dey appear as a painless raised area of skin wey fi be shiny plus small blood vessels wey dey run over am anaa fi present as a raised area plus an ulcer.[5] Squamous-cell skin cancer be more likely to spread.[6] E dey usually present as a hard lump plus a scaly top buh sanso fi form an ulcer.[8] Melanomas be de most aggressive. Signs dey include a mole wey na e change in size, shape, color, e get irregular edges, e get more dan one color, be itchy anaa dey bleed.[9]

More dan 90% of cases be caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from de Sun.[10] Dis exposure dey increase de risk of all three main types of skin cancer.[10] Na such exposure increase since de beginning of de industrial revolution, partly secof ozone depletion.[6][11] Tanning beds be anoda common source of ultraviolet radiation.[10] For melanomas den basal-cell cancers, exposure during kiddie time be particularly harmful.[12] For squamous-cell skin cancers, total exposure, irrespective of wen e dey occur, be more important.[10] Between 20% den 30% of melanomas dey develop from moles.[12] People plus lighter skin be at higher risk[5][13] as be those plus poor immune function such as from medications anaa HIV/AIDS.[6][14] Diagnosis be by biopsy.[9]

Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation den de use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods of preventing melanoma den squamous-cell skin cancer.[12][15] E no be clear if sunscreen dey affect de risk of basal-cell cancer.[15] Nonmelanoma skin cancer usually be curable.[6] Treatment be generally by surgical removal buh fi, less commonly, involve radiation therapy anaa topical medications such as fluorouracil.[5] Treatment of melanoma fi involve sam combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy den targeted therapy.[9] Insyd those people wey na dema disease spread to oda areas of de body, palliative care fi be used to improve quality of life.[9] Melanoma get one of de higher survival rates among cancers, plus over 86% of people insyd de UK den more dan 90% insyd de United States dey survive more dan 5 years.[16][17]

Skin cancer be de most common form of cancer, globally dey account for at least 40% of cancer cases.[6][18] De most common type be nonmelanoma skin cancer, wich dey occur in at least 2–3 million people per year.[12][19] Dis be a rough estimate; dem no dey keep good statistics.[5] Of nonmelanoma skin cancers, about 80% be basal-cell cancers den 20% squamous-cell skin cancers.[7] Basal-cell den squamous-cell skin cancers rarely dey result in death.[12] Insyd de United States, na der be de cause of less dan 0.1% of all cancer deaths.[5] Globally insyd 2012, na melanoma occur insyd 232,000 people wey e result in 55,000 deaths.[12] White people insyd Australia, New Zealand den South Africa get de highest rates of melanoma insyd de world.[12][20] Na de three main types of skin cancer cam be more common since late 20th century, especially insyd regions wer de population be predominantly white.[6][12]

References

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  1. ↑ "Defining Cancer". National Cancer Institute. 17 September 2007. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  2. ↑ Apalla Z, Lallas A, Sotiriou E, Lazaridou E, Ioannides D (April 2017). "Epidemiological trends in skin cancer". Dermatology Practical & Conceptual. 7 (2): 1–6. doi:10.5826/dpc.0702a01. PMC 5424654. PMID 28515985.
  3. ↑ Hu W, Fang L, Ni R, Zhang H, Pan G (July 2022). "Changing trends in the disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer globally from 1990 to 2019 and its predicted level in 25 years". BMC Cancer. 22 (1) 836. doi:10.1186/s12885-022-09940-3. PMC 9339183. PMID 35907848.
  4. ↑ Lyakhov, Pavel A.; Lyakhova, Ulyana A.; Kalita, Diana I. (2023). "Multimodal Analysis of Unbalanced Dermatological Data for Skin Cancer Recognition". IEEE Access. 11: 131487–131507. Bibcode:2023IEEEA..11m1487L. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3336289. ISSN 2169-3536. To date, skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of oncopathology in humans and represents a wide range of malignancies. More than 40% of the total number of diagnosed cancers in the world are skin cancer.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 2013-10-25. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cakir BÖ, Adamson P, Cingi C (November 2012). "Epidemiology and economic burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer". Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 20 (4): 419–422. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004. PMID 23084294.
  7. 1 2 Marsden J (2008). Rajpar S (ed.). ABC of skin cancer. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-1-4443-1250-8. Archived from the original on 29 April 2016.
  8. ↑ Dunphy LM (2011). Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing. F.A. Davis. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-8036-2647-8. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "General Information About Melanoma". NCI. 2014-04-17. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Gallagher RP, Lee TK, Bajdik CD, Borugian M (2010). "Ultraviolet radiation". Chronic Diseases in Canada. 29 (Suppl 1): 51–68. doi:10.24095/hpcdp.29.S1.04. PMID 21199599.
  11. ↑ Maverakis E, Miyamura Y, Bowen MP, Correa G, Ono Y, Goodarzi H (May 2010). "Light, including ultraviolet". Journal of Autoimmunity. 34 (3): J247 – J257. doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.011. PMC 2835849. PMID 20018479.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.14. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  13. ↑ Leiter U, Garbe C (2008). "Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight". Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 624. pp. 89–103. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8. ISBN 978-0-387-77573-9. PMID 18348450.
  14. ↑ Chiao EY, Krown SE (September 2003). "Update on non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancies". Current Opinion in Oncology. 15 (5): 389–397. doi:10.1097/00001622-200309000-00008. PMID 12960522. S2CID 33259363.
  15. 1 2 Jou PC, Feldman RJ, Tomecki KJ (June 2012). "UV protection and sunscreens: what to tell patients". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 79 (6): 427–436. doi:10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110. PMID 22660875.
  16. ↑ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Melanoma of the Skin". NCI. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  17. ↑ "Release: Cancer Survival Rates, Cancer Survival in England, Patients Diagnosed 2005–2009 and Followed up to 2010". Office for National Statistics. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  18. ↑ Dubas LE, Ingraffea A (February 2013). "Nonmelanoma skin cancer". Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 21 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.003. PMID 23369588.
  19. ↑ "How common is skin cancer?". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2014.
  20. ↑ Harris RE (2013). Epidemiology of Chronic Disease. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-7637-8047-0.
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