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Smallpox vaccine

From Wikipedia
smallpox vaccine
vaccine type
Subclass ofattenuated vaccine, viral vaccines Edit
Facet givesmallpox vaccination Edit
Significant eventBalmis Expedition Edit
Review score5/5 Edit
Discoverer or inventorEdward Jenner Edit
Time of discovery anaa invention1798 Edit
Vaccine forsmallpox Edit

Dem dey use de smallpox vaccine to prevent smallpox infection wey de variola virus cause.[1] E be de first vaccine dem develop against a contagious disease. Insyd 1796, British physician Edward Jenner demonstrate say an infection plus de relatively mild cowpox virus confer immunity against de deadly smallpox virus. Cowpox serve as a natural vaccine til de modern smallpox vaccine emerge insyd de 20th century. From 1958 to 1977, de World Health Organization (WHO) conduct a global vaccination campaign wey eradicate smallpox,[1] wey dey make am de only human disease to be eradicated. Although routine smallpox vaccination no longer be performed on de general public, de vaccine still be produced for research,[1] den to guard against bioterrorism, biological warfare, den mpox.[2][3]

De term vaccine derive from vacca, de Latin word give cow, wey dey reflect de origins of smallpox vaccination. Edward Jenner refer to cowpox as variolae vaccinae (smallpox of de cow). De origins of de smallpox vaccine cam be murky over time,[4] especially after Louis Pasteur develop laboratory techniques for creating vaccines insyd de 19th century. Allan Watt Downie demonstrate insyd 1939 say na de modern smallpox vaccine be serologically distinct from cowpox,[5] wey na vaccinia subsequently be recognized as a separate viral species. Whole-genome sequencing reveal say vaccinia most be closely related to horsepox, den de cowpox strains dem find insyd Great Britain be de least closely related to vaccinia.[6]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 World Health Organization (August 2024). "Smallpox and mpox (orthopoxviruses) vaccine position paper". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 99 (34): 429–456. hdl:10665/378526.
  2. ↑ Metzger W, Mordmueller BG (July 2007). Metzger W (ed.). "Vaccines for preventing smallpox". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (3) CD004913. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004913.pub2. PMC 6532594. PMID 17636779.
  3. ↑ Anderson MG, Frenkel LD, Homann S, and Guffey J. (2003), "A case of severe monkeypox virus disease in an American child: emerging infections and changing professional values"; Pediatr Infect Dis J;22(12): 1093–96; discussion 1096–98.
  4. ↑ Baxby D (1981). Jenner's Smallpox Vaccine: The Riddle of Vaccinia Virus and Its Origin. Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 978-0-435-54057-9.
  5. ↑ Downie AW (April 1939). "The Immunological Relationship of the Virus of Spontaneous Cowpox to Vaccinia Virus". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 20 (2): 158–76. ISSN 0007-1021. PMC 2065307.
  6. ↑ Carroll DS, Emerson GL, Li Y, Sammons S, Olson V, Frace M, Nakazawa Y, Czerny CP, Tryland M, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Olsen-Rasmussen M, Khristova M, Govil D, Karem K, Damon IK, Meyer H (August 2011). "Chasing Jenner's vaccine: revisiting cowpox virus classification". PLOS ONE. 6 (8) e23086. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...623086C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023086. PMC 3152555. PMID 21858000.

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