Social anxiety disorder
| Subclass of | phobia, mental disorder, anxiety disorder  |
|---|---|
| Short name | SAD |
| Health specialty | psychiatry, clinical psychology, psychology |
| Symptoms and signs | Social anxiety |
| Possible treatment | cognitive behavioral therapy, antidepressant |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | gabapentin, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine |
| ICD-9-CM | 300.23 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C34927 |
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), dem sanso know as social phobia, be an anxiety disorder wey be characterized by sentiments of fear den anxiety insyd social situations, wey dey cause considerable distress den impairing ability to function insyd at least sam aspects of daily life.[1][2][3] Dese fears fi be triggered by perceived anaa actual scrutiny from odas. Individuals plus social anxiety disorder dey fear negative evaluations from oda people.
Physical symptoms often dey include excessive blushing, excessive sweating, trembling, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, shortness of breath, den nausea.[4] Panic attacks sanso fi occur under intense fear den discomfort. Sam affected individuals fi use alcohol anaa oda drugs to reduce fears den inhibitions at social events. E be common for those plus social phobia to self-medicate insyd dis fashion, especially if dem be undiagnosed, untreated, anaa both; dis fi lead to alcohol use disorder, eating disorders, anaa oda kinds of substance use disorders. According to ICD-10 guidelines, de main diagnostic criteria of social phobia be fear of being de focus of attention, anaa fear of behaving in a way wey go be embarrassing anaa humiliating, avoidance den anxiety symptoms.[5] Standardized rating scales fi be used to screen for social anxiety disorder den measure de severity of anxiety.
De first line of treatment for social anxiety disorder be cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).[1][2][8] CBT be effective in treating dis disorder, whether delivered individually anaa insyd a group setting.[9] De cognitive den behavioral components seek to change thought patterns den physical reactions to anxiety-inducing situations.
Na de attention dem give to social anxiety disorder significantly increase since 1999 plus de approval den marketing of drugs for ein treatment. Na approved medications include chaw selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) den venlafaxine, a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).[10] Na dem use propranolol, a beta blocker, for performance anxiety. Medications such as SSRIs be effective for social phobia, especially paroxetine.[2][11][12]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 "Social Anxiety Disorder: Recognition, Assessment, and Treatment". National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. 2025. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
- 1 2 3 Rose GM, Tadi P (25 October 2022). "Social Anxiety Disorder". StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine. PMID 32310350. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
- ↑ "Social Anxiety Disorder: More Than Just Shyness". National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health. 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
- ↑ "Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)". Mayo Clinic. 19 June 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
- ↑ Social Phobia (F40.1) in ICD-10: Diagnostic Criteria and Clinical descriptions and guidelines.
- ↑ Peterson, Ashley L. (April 11, 2019). "Introversion, Shyness & Social Anxiety: What's the Difference?". Mental Health at Home. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Brown, Alexander (13 March 2022). "Social Anxiety? Introvert? Or Shy?". Mind Journal. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022.
- ↑ Pilling, S; Mayo-Wilson, E; Mavranezouli, I; Kew, K; Taylor, C; Clark, DM; Guideline Development, Group (May 22, 2013). "Recognition, assessment and treatment of social anxiety disorder: summary of NICE guidance" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 346 f2541. doi:10.1136/bmj.f2541. PMID 23697669. S2CID 13776769.
- ↑ Hofmann, S. G.; Smits, J. A. (2008). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 69 (4): 621–632. doi:10.4088/JCP.v69n0415. PMC 2409267. PMID 18363421.
- ↑ Blanco, C.; Bragdon, L. B.; Schneier, F. R.; Liebowitz, M. R. (2012). "The evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 16 (1): 235–249. doi:10.1017/S1461145712000119. PMID 22436306.
- ↑ Liebowitz, Michael R.; Schneier, Franklin R.; Bragdon, Laura B.; Blanco, Carlos (2013-02-01). "The evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder". International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 16 (1): 235–249. doi:10.1017/S1461145712000119. ISSN 1461-1457. PMID 22436306.
- ↑ Williams, Taryn; McCaul, Michael; Schwarzer, Guido; Cipriani, Andrea; Stein, Dan J.; Ipser, Jonathan (2020). "Pharmacological treatments for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis". Acta Neuropsychiatrica (in English). 32 (4): 169–176. doi:10.1017/neu.2020.6. ISSN 0924-2708.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Belzer, K. D.; McKee, M. B.; Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). "Social Anxiety Disorder: Current Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment". Primary Psychiatry. 12 (11): 40–53. Archived from the original on 2012-05-12. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
- Beidel, Deborah C.; Turner, Samuel M. (2007). "Clinical Presentation of Social Anxiety Disorder in Adults.". Shy children, phobic adults: Nature and treatment of social anxiety disorders (in English) (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. pp. 11–46. doi:10.1037/11533-001. ISBN 978-1-59147-452-4.
- Berent, Jonathan; Lemley, Amy (1993). Beyond shyness: how to conquer social anxieties. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74137-3.
- Boyle, Louise E. (2018). "The (un)habitual geographies of Social Anxiety Disorder". Social Science & Medicine (in English). 231: 31–37. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.002. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 29525271. S2CID 1509802.
- Bruch, M. A. (1989). "Familial and developmental antecedents of social phobia: Issues and findings". Clinical Psychology Review. 9: 37–47. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90045-7. ISSN 0272-7358.
- Burns, D. D. (1999). Feeling Good: the new mood therapy (Rev. ed.). New York: Avon. ISBN 0-380-81033-6.
- Crozier, W. R., & Alden, L. E. (2001). International Handbook of Social Anxiety: Concepts, Research, and Interventions Relating to the Self and Shyness. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN 0-471-49129-2.
- Guan, Yongxin (2024). "Social Anxiety Disorder: A General Overview". SHS Web of Conferences. 193: 03013. doi:10.1051/shsconf/202419303013.
- Hales, R. E., & Yudofsky, S. C. (Eds.). (2003). Social phobia. In Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry (4th ed., pp. 572–580). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Marteinsdottir I.; Svensson A.; Svedberg M.; Anderberg U.; von Knorring L. (2007). "The role of life events in social phobia". Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 61 (3): 207–212. doi:10.1080/08039480701352546. ISSN 0803-9488. PMID 17523033. S2CID 11620169.
- Spence, Susan H.; Rapee, Ronald M. (2016). "The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 86: 50–67. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007. PMID 27406470.
