Stress (biology)
| Subclass of | biological process, risk factor  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | stressor |
| Handled, mitigated, or managed by | stress management |
Stress, whether physiological, biological anaa psychological, be an organism ein response to a stressor, such as an environmental condition anaa change insyd life circumstances.[1][2] Wen stressed by stimuli wey dey alter an organism ein environment, multiple systems respond across de body.[1] Insyd humans den chaw mammals, de autonomic nervous system den hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis be de two major systems wey dey respond to stress.[3][4] Two well-known hormones wey humans produce during stressful situations be adrenaline den cortisol.[3][4]
De sympathoadrenal medullary axis (SAM) fi activate de fight-or-flight response thru de sympathetic nervous system, wich dey dedicate energy to more relevant bodily systems to acute adaptation to stress, while de parasympathetic nervous system dey return de body to homeostasis.[3][4]
De second major physiological stress-response center, de HPA axis, wey dey regulate de release of cortisol, wich dey influence chaw bodily functions, such as metabolic, psychological den immunological functions.[4] De SAM den HPA axes be regulated by several brain regions, wey dey include de limbic system, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, den stria terminalis.[3] Thru these mechanisms, stress fi alter memory functions, reward, immune function, metabolism, den susceptibility to diseases.[3][4]
Disease risk be particularly pertinent to mental illnesses, wer by chronic anaa severe stress dey remain a common risk factor for several mental illnesses.[1][5]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 "Stress". MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
- ↑ "Stress". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. April 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Ulrich-Lai, Yvonne M.; Herman, James P. (7 February 2017). "Neural Regulation of Endocrine and Autonomic Stress Responses". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (6): 397–409. doi:10.1038/nrn2647. ISSN 1471-003X. PMC 4240627. PMID 19469025.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Chu, B; Marwaha, K; Sanvictores, T; Awosika, A; Ayers, D (2025). "Physiology, Stress Reaction". StatPearls, US National Library of Medicine. PMID 31082164.
- ↑ Segerstrom, Suzanne C.; Miller, Gregory E. (7 February 2017). "Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry". Psychological Bulletin. 130 (4): 601–630. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601. ISSN 0033-2909. PMC 1361287. PMID 15250815.
External links
[edit | edit source]
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
Data from Wikidata
- The American Institute of Stress
- I'm so stressed out! Fact sheet, 2025, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health
- Caring for your mental health, December 2024, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health
