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Stroke

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stroke
cause of death, signs den symptoms, syndrome
Subclass ofcerebrovascular disease, neurological symptom, general symptom Edit
Ein locationhuman brain Edit
Health specialtyneurology, neurosurgery Edit
Medical examinationROSIER scale, Orpington Prognostic Scale Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentpentoxifylline Edit
Anatomical locationhuman brain Edit
Risk factorsmoking Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/stroke_3, http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/stroke Edit
ICPC 2 IDK90 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC3390 Edit

Stroke be a medical condition insyd wich poor blood flow to a part of de brain dey cause cell death.[1] Der be two main types of stroke: ischemic, secof lack of blood flow, den hemorrhagic, secof bleeding.[1] Both dey cause parts of de brain to stop functioning properly.[1]

Signs den symptoms of stroke fi include facial drooping, inability to walk, move anaa feel on one side of de body, problems understanding anaa speaking, dizziness, anaa loss of vision to one side.[2][3] Signs den symptoms often dey appear soon after na de stroke occur.[3] If symptoms last less dan 24 hours, de stroke be a transient ischemic attack (TIA), dem sanso call a mini-stroke.[3] Hemorrhagic stroke sanso fi be associated plus a severe headache.[3] De symptoms of stroke fi be permanent.[1] Long-term complications fi include pneumonia den loss of bladder control.[3]

De most significant risk factor give stroke be high blood pressure.[4] Oda risk factors include high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, a previous TIA, end-stage kidney disease, den atrial fibrillation.[2][4][5] Ischemic stroke typically be caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though der sanso be less common causes.[6][7][8] Hemorrhagic stroke be caused by either bleeding directly into de brain anaa into de space between de brain ein membranes.[6][9] Bleeding fi occur secof a ruptured brain aneurysm.[6] Diagnosis typically be based on a physical exam wey be supported by medical imaging such as a CT scan anaa MRI scan.[10] A CT scan fi rule out bleeding, buh no fi necessarily rule out ischemia, wich early on typically no dey show up on a CT scan.[11] Dem dey do oda tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) den blood tests to determine risk factors den possible causes.[10] Low blood sugar fi cause similar symptoms.[10]

Prevention dey include decreasing risk factors, surgery to open up de arteries to de brain insyd those plus problematic carotid narrowing, den anticoagulant medication insyd people plus atrial fibrillation.[2] Aspirin anaa statins fi be recommended by physicians for prevention.[2] Stroke be a medical emergency.[1] Ischemic strokes, if dem detect within three to four-and-a-half hours, fi be treatable plus medication wey fi break down de clot,[2] while hemorrhagic strokes sam times benefit from surgery.[2] Dem dey call treatment to attempt recovery of lost function stroke rehabilitation, den ideally dey take place insyd a stroke unit; however, dese no be available insyd much of de world.[2]

Insyd 2023, na 15 million people worldwide get a stroke.[12] Insyd 2021, na stroke be de third biggest cause of death, responsible for approximately 10% of total deaths.[13] Insyd 2015, na der be about 42.4 million people wey previously dem get stroke wey na dem still dey alive.[14] Between 1990 den 2010 na de annual incidence of stroke decrease by approximately 10% insyd de developed world, buh e increase by 10% insyd de developing world.[15] Insyd 2015, na stroke be de second most frequent cause of death after coronary artery disease, wey dey account for 6.3 million deaths (11% of de total).[16] Na about 3.0 million deaths result from ischemic stroke while na 3.3 million deaths result from hemorrhagic stroke.[16] Na about half of people wey get a stroke live less dan one year.[2] Overall, na two thirds of cases of stroke occur insyd those over 65 years old.[15]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "What Is a Stroke?". www.nhlbi.nih.gov/. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Donnan GA, Fisher M, Macleod M, Davis SM (May 2008). "Stroke". Lancet. 371 (9624): 1612–23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60694-7. PMID 18468545. S2CID 208787942.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke?". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Who Is at Risk for a Stroke?". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Hu A, Niu J, Winkelmayer WC (November 2018). "Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis and Atrial Fibrillation". Seminars in Nephrology. 38 (6): 618–628. doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.006. PMC 6233322. PMID 30413255.
  6. 1 2 3 "Types of Stroke". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  7. ↑ Roos KL (2012). Emergency Neurology (in English). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-387-88584-1. Archived from the original on 2017-01-08.
  8. ↑ Wityk RJ, Llinas RH (2007). Stroke (in English). ACP Press. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-930513-70-9. Archived from the original on 2017-01-08.
  9. ↑ Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J, Anderson CS (December 2005). "Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies". Stroke. 36 (12): 2773–80. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8. PMID 16282541.
  10. 1 2 3 "How Is a Stroke Diagnosed?". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. March 26, 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Yew KS, Cheng E (July 2009). "Acute stroke diagnosis". American Family Physician. 80 (1): 33–40. PMC 2722757. PMID 19621844.
  12. ↑ "Stroke, cerebrovascular accident". World Health Organization. 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  13. ↑ "The top 10 causes of death". www.who.int (in English). Retrieved 2024-08-12.
  14. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  15. 1 2 Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, Moran AE, Sacco RL, Anderson L, Truelsen T, O'Donnell M, Venketasubramanian N, Barker-Collo S, Lawes CM, Wang W, Shinohara Y, Witt E, Ezzati M, Naghavi M, Murray C (January 2014). "Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 383 (9913): 245–54. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4. PMC 4181600. PMID 24449944.
  16. 1 2 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.

Read further

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  • Bushnell, Cheryl; Kernan, Walter N.; Sharrief, Anjail Z.; et al. (21 October 2024). "2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association". Stroke. 55 (12): e344 – e424. doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000475. PMID 39429201.
  • Gijn, Jan van (2023). Stroke: A History of Ideas. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-83254-0.
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