Sudden infant death syndrome
| Subclass of | sudden cardiac death, infant death, genetic disease, syndrome, disease  |
|---|---|
| Short name | SIDS |
| Genetic association | CAV3, KCNJ8, SCN5A, FEV |
| ICD-9-CM | 798.0 |
| ICPC 2 ID | A95 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C85173 |
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), sam times dem know as cot death anaa crib death, be de sudden unexplained death of a kiddie of less dan one year of age. Diagnosis dey require dat de death remain unexplained even after a thorough autopsy den detailed death scene investigation.[1] SIDS dey usually occur between de hours of midnight den 9:00 a.m.,[2] anaa wen de baby be sleeping.[3] Der be usually no noise anaa evidence of struggle.[4] SIDS dey remain one of de leading causes of infant mortality insyd Western countries, wey dey constitute almost 1/3 of all post-neonatal deaths.[5]
De exact cause of SIDS be unknown.[6] De requirement of a combination of factors wey dey include a specific underlying susceptibility, a specific time insyd development, wey na dem propose an environmental stressor.[3][6] Dese environmental stressors fi include sleeping on de stomach anaa side, overheating, den exposure to tobacco smoke.[6] Accidental suffocation from bed sharing (dem sanso know as co-sleeping) anaa soft objects sanso fi play a role.[3][7] Anoda risk factor be dem born before 37 weeks of gestation.[8] Between 1% den 5% of SIDS cases be estimated to be misidentified infanticides wey cause by intentional suffocation.[9][10] SIDS dey make up about 80% of sudden den unexpected infant deaths (SUIDs).[3] De oda 20% of cases often be caused by infections, genetic disorders, den heart problems.[3]
De most effective method of reducing de risk of SIDS be putting a kiddie less dan one year old on dema back to sleep.[8] Oda measures dey include a firm mattress separate from buh close to caregivers, no loose bedding, a relatively cool sleeping environment, using a pacifier, den dey avoid exposure to tobacco smoke.[11] Breastfeeding den immunization sanso fi be preventative.[11][12] Measures wey no show to be useful dey include positioning devices den baby monitors.[11][12] Evidence no be sufficient for de use of fans.[11] Grief support for families wey be affected by SIDS be important, as de death of de infant be unexpected, unexplained, den fi cause suspicion na de infant fi been intentionally harmed.[3]
Rates of SIDS dey vary nearly tenfold insyd developed countries from one insyd a thousand to one insyd ten thousand.[3][13] Globally, e result in about 19,200 deaths insyd 2015, down from 22,000 deaths insyd 1990.[14] Na SIDS be de third leading cause of death insyd kiddies less dan one year old insyd de United States insyd 2011.[15] E be de most common cause of death between one month den one year of age.[8] About 90% of cases dey happen before six months of age, wey e be most frequent between two months den four months of age.[3][8] E be more common insyd boys dan girls.[8] Na rates of SIDS decrease by up to 80% insyd areas plus "Safe to Sleep" campaigns.[13]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "Sudden Infant Death". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
- ↑ Gilbert-Barness E, Spicer DE, Steffensen TS (2013). "Sudden Death Syndrome". Handbook of pediatric autopsy pathology (Second ed.). New York, NY: Springer New York. p. 654. ISBN 978-1-4614-6711-3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kinney HC, Thach BT (August 2009). "The sudden infant death syndrome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 361 (8): 795–805. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0803836. PMC 3268262. PMID 19692691.
- ↑ Sethuraman C, Coombs R, Cohen MC (2014). "Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy". In Cohen MC, Scheimberg I (eds.). Pediatric & Perinatal Autopsy Manual. Cambridge. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-107-64607-0.
- ↑ Raven L (2018). "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: History". In Duncan JR, Byard RW (eds.). SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future. Adelaide (AU): University of Adelaide Press. ISBN 978-1-925261-67-7. PMID 30035955. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
- 1 2 3 "What causes SIDS?". National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 12 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ↑ "Ways To Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Causes of Infant Death". NICHD. 20 January 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "How many infants die from SIDS or are at risk for SIDS?". National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 19 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- ↑ Hymel, Kent P. (July 2006). "Distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome from child abuse fatalities". Pediatrics. 118 (1): 421–427. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1245. ISSN 1098-4275. PMID 16818592.
- ↑ Milroy CM, Kepron C (June 2017). "Ten Percent of SIDS Cases are Murder - or are They?". Academic Forensic Pathology. 7 (2): 163–170. doi:10.23907/2017.018. PMC 6474533. PMID 31239971.
- 1 2 3 4 Moon RY, Fu L (July 2012). "Sudden infant death syndrome: an update". Pediatrics in Review. 33 (7): 314–320. doi:10.1542/pir.33-7-314. PMID 22753789.
- 1 2 "How can I reduce the risk of SIDS?". National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 22 August 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
- 1 2 Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: An Overview". In Duncan JR, Byard RW (eds.). SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future. University of Adelaide Press. ISBN 978-1-925261-67-7. PMID 30035964. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
- ↑ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- ↑ Hoyert DL, Xu J (October 2012). "Deaths: preliminary data for 2011" (PDF). National Vital Statistics Reports. 61 (6): 1–51. PMID 24984457. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-02-02.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Hodgman J, Hoppenbrouwers T (2004). SIDS. Calabasas, Calif.: Monte Nido Press. ISBN 978-0-9742663-0-5.
- Lewak N (2004). "Book Review: SIDS". Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 158 (4): 405. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.4.405. Archived from the original on 17 October 2008.
- Ottaviani G (2014). Crib Death – Sudden infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Sudden Infant and Perinatal Unexplained Death: The Pathologist's Viewpoint (2nd ed.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-08346-9. OCLC 894851697.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- "Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome". Data and Statistics. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
