Sulayman Pasha Mosque

mosque
Year dem found am	1528
Country	Egypt
Edey de administrative territorial entity insyd	Cairo Governorate
Coordinate location	30°1′52″N 31°15′52″E
Architectural style	Ottoman architecture

Sulayman Pasha al-Khadem Mosque (Arabic: مسجد سليمان باشا الخادم), dem sanso know am as Sariat al-Jabal Mosque, be historical mosque dem establish insyd 1528 by Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem, one of de Ottoman rulers of Egypt. E dey locate insyd de Cairo Citadel for de top of Mount Mokattam, wey na dem originally erect am for de use of de janissaries dem station insyd de northern enclosure.^[1] Ebe de first mosque dem establish insyd Egypt insyd Ottoman architectural style.^[2]

History

Patron den founder: Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem

Suleiman Pasha Al-Khadem, dem sanso know am as Hadim Suleiman Pasha, na he prominent statesman during de Ottoman Empire. Prior to ein rise, chaw believe say no statesman go be able make e replace Ibrahim Pasha; na dem regard am as an excellent leader wey handle affairs of state plus ease den agency. Yet, after de death of Ibrahim Pasha, na Hadim Suleiman Pasha be able make he gain similar amounts of prominence, wey he rise thru de ranks secof ein focus on make he dey establish control of de Red Sea den de Persian Gulf.^[3]

Construction

Na dem build de mosque of Suleiman Pasha insyd 1528 after de first renovation of de citadel. Suleiman Pasha cam turn governor of Egypt insyd de 15th century.^[4] Na de new building express de power of Suleiman Pasha. Na Suleiman Pasha get people make dem create de mosque, wich dey include Egyptian craftsmen den an architect.^[5]

De Sulayman Pasha mosque be one example of de synthesis of architectural innovations wey occur insyd Egypt during de Ottoman Empire. Na both indirect den direct architectural innovations from de Ottoman period be visible thru out Egypt. De golden age of de Ottoman Empire, for particular, lead to de rise of de architect, Mimar Sinan, wey introduce chaw innovative designs wey inspire de rest of de Islamic world den architecture more generally. ^[6]

Before de Ottoman period begin, de Mamluk style heavily influence mosque architecture. While oda areas insyd de Islamic world, such as then-Syria, na ebe able make dem embrace de presence of de Ottoman style, na e no be easy give Egypt make e directly embrace den incorporate Ottoman elements at first. Na dis be secof Egypt, den Cairo for particular, na ebe de center for de Mamluk Sultanate ein golden age. As a result, wen na dem build de Sulayman Pasha mosque, e incorporate both elements from both Ottoman den Cairene architecture.^[6]

19th century

While light restorations likely take place, de overall scheme of de mosque be original. Til restoration insyd de 20th century, a large model boat hung within de arcades wey dey adjoin de tomb of de mosque. Na de model boat be a reference to Pharaonic burial customs.^[7]

Architecture

Interior

De mosque be a T-form variant, wich be a distinct Ottoman design. De mosque dey consist of two sections, wey dem cover dem plus a dome insyd de center surrounded by semi-domes dem decorate plus colored inscriptions. Ebe a prominent Ottoman architectural design. De domes of de mosque be all covered plus green qashani geographic patterns. De central dome dey rest for spherical pendentives wey dey include vegetal decoration.^[8]

De mosque dey consist of two sections. De entrance of de mosque dey lead directly to into de first half of de mosque: de prayer hall.^[9] Dis hall be flanked by three-semi domes, wich dey open to a central courtyard.^[10] For de first section, de decorations be interspersed plus various writings, den marble walls wey dey cover de bottom ends plus a strip of Kufi line den flowered Qur'anic verses. For de middle of de eastern wall, na der exists mihrab den a marble platform. Specifically insyd dis area, der be two iwans: for de first iwan, der be decorations dem intersperse plus various writings wey sanso dey include Qur'anic verses.

One of de Qur'anic verses be a handsome inscription dey encircle de dome, a prominent dem elevated place give de written word, de basis of de Universal Law of Islam, (Quran 3:189-194):

"To God belongs the Kingdom of the heavens and of the earth; and God is powerful over everything.

Surely in the creation of the heavens and earth and in the alternation of night and day there are signs for men possessed of minds who remember God;

Standing and sitting on their sides, And reflect upon the creation of the heavens and the earth:

'Our Lord, Thou has not created this for vanity, Glory be to Thee!

Guard us against the chastisement of the Fire.

Our Lord, whomsoever Thou admittest into the Fire, Thou wilt have abased; and the evildoers shall have no helpers.

Our Lord, we have heard a caller calling us to belief, saying, "Believe you in your Lord!" And we believe.

Our Lord, forgive Thou us our sins and acquit us of our evil deeds, and take us to Thee with the pious.

Our Lord, give us what Thou has promised us by Thy Messengers, and abase us not on the Day of Resurrection:

Thou wilt not fail the tryst." "

Dese Qur'anic verses be engraved insyd kufic script insyd black for white marble top, wich na be a technique dem take from de Mamluk period.^[4] De first iwan sanso get de mihrab den a marble platform. De second iwan get a minbar plus various vegetal leaf designs.

Architecture

Exterior

Insyd de outside of de mosque, de building be insyd de shape of a rectangle.^[9] E dey depict 9 smaller domes for de rest of de building. De front door dey bring de person insyd de center of de rectangle, wich dey show de prayer hall. Plus de rectangular shape of de building, e sanso dey include de courtyard. Anoda courtyard dey locate insyd de northern syd. Ein walls qey dem make out of marble na dema do from de work of Egyptian craftsmen.

References

↑ Masjid Suleyman Pasha archnet.
↑ مسجد سليمان باشا الخادم
↑ Casale, Giancarlo (2010). The Ottoman age of exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537782-8. OCLC 340961426.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Torky, Tarek (2019). "Mosque of Sulayman Pasha". Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers.
↑ Lyster, William (1990). The Citadel of Cairo - A History and Guide. England: Palm Press. pp. 27–29.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Abdelsalam, Tarek. "SINAN'S ARCHITECTURE AS A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION IN MOSQUE DESIGN IN EGYPT FROM 16 TH TO 19 TH CENTURY: THREE DIFFERENT APPROACHES".
↑ O'Kane, Bernard (2016). The mosques of Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: World Cat. ISBN 978-977-416-732-4. OCLC 919186646.
↑ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989). Islamic architecture in Cairo : an introduction. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-203-3. OCLC 26450916.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989). Islamic architecture in Cairo. Cairo: The American University In Cairo Press. p. 158.
↑ Petersen, Andrew (1996). Dictionary of Islamic architecture. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-20387-9. OCLC 50488428.

External links

[1] Masjid Suleyman Pasha archnet.

[2] مسجد سليمان باشا الخادم

[3] Casale, Giancarlo (2010). The Ottoman age of exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537782-8. OCLC 340961426.

[:1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Torky, Tarek (2019). "Mosque of Sulayman Pasha". Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers.

[5] Lyster, William (1990). The Citadel of Cairo - A History and Guide. England: Palm Press. pp. 27–29.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Abdelsalam, Tarek. "SINAN'S ARCHITECTURE AS A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION IN MOSQUE DESIGN IN EGYPT FROM 16 TH TO 19 TH CENTURY: THREE DIFFERENT APPROACHES".

[7] O'Kane, Bernard (2016). The mosques of Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: World Cat. ISBN 978-977-416-732-4. OCLC 919186646.

[:2-8] Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989). Islamic architecture in Cairo : an introduction. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-203-3. OCLC 26450916.

[:3-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989). Islamic architecture in Cairo. Cairo: The American University In Cairo Press. p. 158.

[10] Petersen, Andrew (1996). Dictionary of Islamic architecture. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-20387-9. OCLC 50488428.

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