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Suleiman the Magnificent

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Suleiman the Magnificent
human
Part ofOttoman dynasty Edit
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Ein country of citizenship Edit
Name in native languageقانونى سُلطان سليمان Edit
Name wey dem give amSuleiman Edit
Noble titlesultan Edit
Art nameمُحبِّى Edit
Nicknameقانونى, مُبارز الدُنيا والدين, مُحتشم, أبو النصر والجهاد Edit
Ein date of birth6 November 1494 Edit
Place dem born amTrabzon Edit
Date wey edie6 September 1566 Edit
Place wey edieSzigetvár Edit
Place wey dem bury amTomb of Suleiman the Magnificent Edit
Ein poppieSelim I Edit
MummieHafsa Sultan Edit
SiblingHatice Sultan, Beyhan Sultan, Şah Huban Sultan, Fatma Sultan, Hafize Sultan Edit
SpouseHürrem Sultan, Mahidevran Hatun, Fülane Hatun, Gülfem Hatun Edit
Unmarried partnerFülane Hatun, Gülfem Hatun Edit
RelativeRüstem Paşa Edit
FamilyOttoman dynasty Edit
Native languageOttoman Turkish Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signFarsi, Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai Edit
Ein occupationruler, legislator, military leader, politician Edit
Ein field of work Edit
Position eholdsultan of the Ottoman Empire, caliph Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit
Present in workCivilization V Edit
Depicted bySultan Suleiman in profile Edit

Suleiman I (6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), dem commonly know as Suleiman the Magnificent, na he be de Ottoman sultan from 1520 to 1566.: 541–545  De longest-reigning Ottoman sultan, ein rule bring about a notable peak insyd de Ottoman Empire ein economic, military den political power, wey e raise de number of de empire ein subjects to at least 25 million people.

After succeeding ein poppie Selim I on 30 September 1520, Suleiman begin ein reign by launching military campaigns against de Christian powers of Central den Eastern Europe den de Mediterranean; Belgrade fall to am insyd 1521 den Rhodes insyd 1522–1523, den at Mohács insyd 1526, Suleiman break de strength of de Kingdom of Hungary. Hungary subsequently be divided, plus much of am incorporated directly into de empire. However, ein defeat at de siege of Vienna insyd 1529 prevent am from advancing further into Europe. Suleiman sanso fight for years against de Shia Muslim Safavid Empire of Persia wey he annex Mesopotamia. Insyd North Africa, na dem establish Ottoman Tripolitania wey de Ottoman fleet dominate de seas from de Mediterranean to de Red Sea den into de Persian Gulf.[1]: 61 

Suleiman personally institute major judicial changes wey dey pertain to society, education, taxation, den criminal law. Ein reforms, dem carry out in conjunction plus de Ottoman chief judicial official Ebussuud Efendi, bring togeda de two forms of Ottoman law: sultanic (Kanun) den Islamic (Sharia).[2] He sanso be a distinguished poet den goldsmith; den a great patron of fine culture, wey dey oversee de "Golden Age" of de Ottoman Empire wich na be at de height of ein artistic, literary, den architectural development.[3]

Insyd 1534, Suleiman break plus Ottoman tradition by marrying Hürrem (well known insyd Europe as Roxelana), an influential woman from ein Imperial Harem wey help usher in de "Sultanate of Women" period insyd Ottoman history. Upon Suleiman ein death insyd 1566, he be succeeded by ein den Hürrem ein son Selim II. De death of Suleiman dey mark a watershed moment insyd Ottoman history, although scholars typically regard de period after ein death to be one of crisis den adaptation rada dan of simple decline.[4][5][6] Insyd de decades wey dey follow, de Ottoman Empire begin to experience significant political, institutional, den economic changes, a period dem often refer to as de Era of Transformation.[7]: 11 [8]

Personal life

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Consorts

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Suleiman I get two known consorts:

  • Mahidevran Hatun, a Circassian anaa Albanian anaa Montenegrin concubine.[9][10]
  • Hürrem Sultan, dem know insyd West as Roxelana (m. 1533).[10]

Sons

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Suleiman I get at least eight sons:

  • Şehzade Mahmud (c. 1513, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 29 October 1520, Old Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque)[11]
  • Şehzade Murad (c. 1515, Manisa Palace, Manisa – 19 October 1520, Old Palace, den Istanbul, dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque)[11]
  • Şehzade Mustafa (c. 1515, Manisa Palace, Manisa – dem execute, by de order of ein poppie, 6 October 1553, Konya, dem bury insyd Muradiye Complex, Bursa), plus Mahidevran;[12]
  • Şehzade Mehmed (1521, Old Palace, Istanbul – 6 November 1543, Manisa Palace, Manisa, dem bury am insyd Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul),plus Hürrem;
  • Sultan Selim II (30 May 1524, Old Palace, Istanbul – 15 December 1574, Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Selim II Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque), plus Hürrem;
  • Şehzade Abdullah (c. 1525, Old Palace, Istanbul – c. 1528, Old Palace, Istanbul, wey dem bury insyd Yavuz Selim Mosque),[11] plus Hürrem;[13][14]
  • Şehzade Bayezid (1527, Old Palace, Istanbul – dem execute am by agents of ein poppie on 25 September 1561, Qazvin, Safavid Empire, dem bury insyd Melik-i Acem Türbe, Sivas), plus Hürrem;[14]
  • Şehzade Cihangir (1531, Old Palace, Istanbul – 27 November 1553, Konya, dem bury insyd Şehzade Mosque, Istanbul), plus Hürrem;

Daughters

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Suleiman get two daughters:

  • Raziye Sultan (c. 1519 – c. 1520, wey dem bury insyd Yahya Efendi mausoleum);[15]
  • Mihrimah Sultan (September/November 1522,[16] Old Palace, Istanbul – 25 January 1578, Old Palace, Istanbul, dem bury insyd Suleiman I Mausoleum, Süleymaniye Mosque), plus Hürrem, she marry Rüstem Pasha insyd 1539;[13][17][18]

Relationship plus Hurrem Sulta

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Under ein pen name, Muhibbi, Sultan Suleiman compose dis poem give Hurrem Sultan:

Throne of my lonely niche, my wealth, my love, my moonlight.
My most sincere friend, my confidant, my very existence, my Sultan, my one and only love.
The most beautiful among the beautiful ...
My springtime, my merry faced love, my daytime, my sweetheart, laughing leaf ...
My plants, my sweet, my rose, the one only who does not distress me in this room ...
My Istanbul, my Karaman, the earth of my Anatolia
My Badakhshan, my Baghdad and Khorasan
My woman of the beautiful hair, my love of the slanted brow, my love of eyes full of misery ...
I'll sing your praises always
I, lover of the tormented heart, Muhibbi of the eyes full of tears, I am happy.[19]

References

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  1. ↑ Mansel, Philip (1998). Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924.
  2. ↑ Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923. Basic Books. p. 145.
  3. ↑ Atıl, Esin (July–August 1987). "The Golden Age of Ottoman Art". Saudi Aramco World. 38 (4). Houston, Texas: Aramco Services Co: 24–33. ISSN 1530-5821. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2007.
  4. ↑ Hathaway, Jane (2008). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516–1800. Pearson Education Ltd. p. 8. historians of the Ottoman Empire have rejected the narrative of decline in favor of one of crisis and adaptation
  5. ↑ Tezcan, Baki (2010). The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. the conventional narrative of Ottoman history – that in the late sixteenth century the Ottoman Empire entered a prolonged period of decline marked by steadily increasing military decay and institutional corruption – has been discarded.
  6. ↑ Woodhead, Christine (2011). "Introduction". In Woodhead, Christine (ed.). The Ottoman World. p. 5. Ottomanist historians have largely jettisoned the notion of a post-1600 'decline'
  7. ↑ Şahin, Kaya (2013). Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  8. ↑ Tezcan, Baki (2010). The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 10.
  9. ↑ Freely, John (1 July 2001). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul (in English). Penguin. ISBN 9780140270563.
  10. 1 2 Yermolenko, Galina I (2013). Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culturea. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 275. ISBN 978-1-4094-7611-5.
  11. 1 2 3 Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı; Karal, Enver Ziya (1975). Osmanlı tarihi, Volume 2. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. p. 401.
  12. ↑ Şahin, K. (2023). Peerless Among Princes: The Life and Times of Sultan Süleyman. Oxford University Press. pp. 99, 120. ISBN 978-0-19-753163-1.
  13. 1 2 Peirce 1993, p. 60.
  14. 1 2 Peirce 2017, p. 58.
  15. ↑ Okan, A. (2008). İstanbul evliyaları. Kapı yayınları. Kapı yayınları. p. 17. ISBN 978-9944-486-70-5.
  16. ↑ Leslie Peirce (2017). Empress of the East (in English). p. 58.
  17. ↑ Yermolenko 2005, p. 233.
  18. ↑ Uluçay 1992, p. 65.
  19. ↑ "A 400 Year Old Love Poem". Women in World History.
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