Sunni Islam
| Subclass of | Islam  |
|---|---|
| Year dem found am | 7. century |
| Native label | أهل السنة والجماعة |
| Official language | Arabic |
| Foundational text | Qur'an, list of hadith books |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://islam.stackexchange.com/tags/sunni |
Sunni Islam be de largest branch of Islam den de largest religious denomination insyd de world.[1] E dey hold say Muhammad no appoint any successor den ein closest companion Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) rightfully succeed am as de caliph of de Muslim community, dem appoint am at de meeting of Saqifa. Dis dey contrast plus de Shia view, wich dey hold sat Muhammad appoint Ali ibn Abi Talib (r. 656–661) as ein successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along plus Abu Bakr, Umar (r. 634–644) den Uthman (r. 644–656) as 'rightly-guided caliphs'.
De term Sunni dey mean those wey observe de sunna, de practices of Muhammad. De Quran, togeda plus hadith (especially de Six Books) den ijma (scholarly consensus), form de basis of all traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Dem dey derive sharia legal rulings from dese basic sources, in conjunction plus consideration of public welfare den juristic discretion, dey use de principles of jurisprudence wey be developed by de four legal schools: Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki den Shafi'i.
Insyd matters of creed, de Sunni tradition dey uphold de six pillars of iman (faith) den dey comprise de Ash'ari den Maturidi schools of kalam (theology) as well as de textualist Athari school. Sunnis dey regard de first four caliphs Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), Umar (r. 634–644), Uthman (r. 644–656) den Ali (r. 656–661) as rashidun (rightly-guided) den dey revere de the sahaba, tabi'in, den tabi al-tabi'in as de salaf (predecessors).
Sunni view of hadith
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De Quran as e dey exist today insyd book form na e be compiled by Muhammad ein companions (Sahabah) within a handful of months of ein death, wey e be accepted by all sects of Islam.[2] Na chaw matters of belief den daily life no be directly prescribed insyd de Quran, buh na dem be actions observed by Muhammad den de early Muslim community.
Kutub al-Sittah
[edit | edit source]Kutub al-Sittah be six books wey dey contain collections of hadiths. Sunni Muslims dey accept de hadith collections of Bukhari den Muslim as de most authentic (sahih), den while accepting all hadiths dem verify as authentic, grant a slightly lesser status to de collections of oda recorders. Dem sanso dey hold four oda hadith collections in particular reverence by Sunni Muslims, wey dey make a total of six:
- Sahih al-Bukhari of Muhammad al-Bukhari
- Sahih Muslim of Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
- Sunan al-Sughra of Al-Nasa'i
- Sunan Abu Dawud of Abu Dawood
- Jami' at-Tirmidhi of Al-Tirmidhi
- Sunan Ibn Majah of Ibn Majah
Der sanso be oda collections of hadith wich sanso dey contain chaw authentic hadith wey dem frequently be used by scholars den specialists. Examples of dese collections dey include:
- Musannaf of Abd al-Razzaq of 'Abd ar-Razzaq as-San'ani
- Musnad of Ahmad ibn Hanbal
- Mustadrak of Al Haakim
- Muwatta of Imam Malik
- Sahih Ibn Hibbaan
- Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah of Ibn Khuzaymah
- Sunan al-Darimi of Al-Darimi
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "List of religious populations | Largest Religions, Smallest Religions, Lists, Data, & Overview | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). Retrieved 2025-07-24.
- ↑ Muhammad Hamidullah, "Tareekh Quran Majeed", Khutbat-e-Bahawalpur pp. 1–17
External links
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- Ahmed, Khaled. Sectarian war: Pakistan's Sunni-Shia violence and its links to the Middle East (Oxford University Press, 2011).
- Charles River Editors. The History of the Sunni and Shia Split: Understanding the Divisions within Islam (2010) 44pp excerpt; brief introduction.
- Farooqi, Mudassir, Sarwar Mehmood Azhar, and Rubeena Tashfeen. "Jihadist Organizations History and Analysis." Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 43.1/2 (2018): 142–151. online
- Gesink, Indira Falk. Islamic reform and conservatism: Al-Azhar and the evolution of modern Sunni Islam (Tauris Academic Studies, 2010)
- Haddad, Fanar. Understanding 'Sectarianism': Sunni-Shi'a Relations in the Modern Arab World (Oxford UP, 2020).
- Haddad, Fanar. "Anti-Sunnism and anti-Shiism: Minorities, majorities and the question of equivalence." Mediterranean Politics (2020): 1–7 online.
- Halverson, Jeffry. Theology and creed in Sunni Islam: the Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and political Sunnism (Springer, 2010).
- Hazleton, Lesley. After the prophet: the epic story of the Shia-Sunni split in Islam (Anchor, 2010).
- Kamolnick, Paul. The Al-Qaeda Organization and the Islamic State Organization: History, Doctrine, Modus, Operandi, and US Policy to Degrade and Defeat Terrorism Conducted in the Name of Sunni Islam (Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, 2017) online.
- Khaddour, Kheder. Localism, War, and the Fragmentation of Sunni Islam in Syria (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace., 2019) online.
- McHugo, John. A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is (2018) excerpt
- Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. "Conflicts in Sunni Political Islam and Their Implications." Strategic Analysis 41.3 (2017): 285–296 online.
- Nydell, Margaret K. Understanding Arabs: A guide for modern times (3rd ed. Hachette UK, 2018).
- Patler, Nicholas (2017). From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey Into the American Civil Rights Movement. The Islamic Monthly. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
- Tezcan, Baki. "The Disenchantment of Sufism, the Rationalization of Sunni Islam, and Early Modernity." Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 7.1 (2020): 67–69 online.
- Wheeler, Branon. Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Ḥanafī Scholarship, SUNY Press, 1996.
Online
[edit | edit source]- Sunni: Islam, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, Asma Afsaruddin, Yamini Chauhan, Aakanksha Gaur, Gloria Lotha, Matt Stefon, Noah Tesch and Adam Zeidan
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