Sustainable Development Goal 6

Sustainable Development Goal 6

Sustainable Development Goal

Part of	Sustainable Development Goals
Title	Clean water and sanitation
Main subject	sanitation, water
Dey follow	Sustainable Development Goal 5
Followed by	Sustainable Development Goal 7
Operator	United Nations Development Programme
Dema official website	https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal6, https://brasil.un.org/pt-br/sdgs/6

Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6 anaa Global Goal 6) dey declare de importance of achieving "clean water den sanitation for all". E be one of de 17 Sustainable Development Goals wey dem establish by de United Nations General Assembly to succeed de former Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). According to de United Nations, de overall goal be to: "Ensure availability den sustainable management of water den sanitation for all." De goal get eight targets to be achieved by 2030 wey dey cover de main areas of water supply den sanitation den sustainable water resource management. Progress toward de targets will be measured by using eleven indicators.

De six key outcome targets to be achieved by 2030 dey include:

De two means of implementing targets be to expand international cooperation den capacity-building support to developing countries, den to support local engagement insyd sustainable den participatory water den sanitation management.

1. Achieve universal den equitable access to safe den affordable drinking water for all;
2. Achieve access to adequate den equitable sanitation den hygiene for all den end open defecation, paying special attention to de needs of women den girls den those insyd vulnerable situations;
3. Improve water quality, by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping den minimizing release of hazardous chemicals den materials, halving de proportion of untreated wastewater (wastewater treatment) den substantially increasing recycling den safe reuse globally;
4. Substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors den ensure sustainable withdrawals den supply of fresh water to address water scarcity den substantially reduce de number of people wey dey suffer from water scarcity;
5. Implement integrated water resources management (IWRM), at all levels, wey dey include thru transboundary cooperation as appropriate;
6. Protect den restore water-related ecosystems, wey dey include mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers den lakes.

Despite Official Development Assistance (ODA) disbursements to de water sector increasing to $9 billion insyd 2018. De Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of WHO den UNICEF report insyd 2017 dat 4.5 billion people still did not have safely managed sanitation. Insyd 2017 only 71 percent of de global population use safely managed drinking water, den 2.2 billion persons still be widout safely managed drinking water. Oda water-related hazards wey relate to flooding den drought sanso remain significant threats to human development den well being.

Like de oda, dis Sustainable Development Goal be closely interwoven plus de oda SDGs. For example, access to clean water fit improve health den wellbeing, wey dey lead to a progress insyd SDG3; den, better health leads to a higher school attendance, progressing SDG4, improving quality education. Achieving SDG6 fi only happen if oda SDGs sanso be achieved.

Background

Families collecting water from a water well insyd Niger

De United Nations (UN) determine dat access to clean water den sanitation facilities be a fundamental human right. However, only a few countries wrep de human right to water into enforceable legislation wey dey create serious problems for people wey dey wish to use legal means to promote better access. Even insyd those countries, such as South Africa, plus a clear constitutional commitment to de human right to water den sanitation. E dey prove difficult to obtain legal redress.

A review of de progress by de UN insyd 2020 find dat "increasing donor commitments to de water sector fi remain crucial to make progress towards Goal 6".

Insyd 2022, de OECD estimate dat to achieve SDG 6, current global spending on water needs approximately $1 trillion per year.

Targets, indicators den progress

World map for Indicator 6.1.1 insyd 2022: Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

World map for Indicator 6.2.1a insyd 2022: Share of population using safely managed sanitation facilities

World map for Indicator 6.2.1b insyd 2022: "Share of de population plus basic handwashing facilities on premises"

SDG 6 get eight targets wey dey include two so-called "implementing targets". Six of dem be to be achieved by de year 2030, one by de year 2020, den one get no target year. Each of de targets sanso get one anaa two indicators wich fit be used to measure progress. Insyd total der be 11 indicators to monitor progress for SDG6. De main data sources for de SDG 6 targets den indicators cam from de Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 coordinated by UN-Water.

De six "outcome-oriented targets" dey include: Safe den affordable drinking water; end open defecation den provide access to sanitation, den hygiene, improve water quality, wastewater treatment den safe reuse, increase water-use efficiency den ensure fresh water supplies, implement IWRM, protect den restore water-related ecosystems. De two "means of achieving" targets be to expand water den sanitation support to developing countries, den to support local engagement insyd water den sanitation management.

De first three targets relate to drinking water supply, sanitation services, den wastewater treatment den reuse.

An SDG 6 Baseline Report insyd 2018 find dat "less dan 50 percent of countries get comparable baseline estimates for chaw SDG 6 global indicators".

Target 6.1: Safe den affordable drinking water

De full title of Target 6.1 be: "By 2030, achieve universal den equitable access to safe den affordable drinking water for all".

Dis target get one indicator: Indicator 6.1.1 be de "Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services".

De definition of "safely managed drinking water service" be: "Drinking water from an improved water source dat be located on premises, available wen needed den free from fecal den priority chemical contamination."

Target 6.2: End open defecation den provide access to sanitation den hygiene

De full title of Target 6.2 be: "By 2030, achieve access to adequate den equitable sanitation den hygiene for all and den open defecation, paying special attention to de needs of women den girls den those insyd vulnerable situations."

Attending school den work without disruption supports education den employment. Therefore, toilets at school den de workplace be included insyd de second target ("achieve access to adequate den equitable sanitation den hygiene for all").

Equitable sanitation den hygiene solutions address de needs of women den girls den those insyd vulnerable situations, such as de elderly or people plus disabilities.

Dis target get one indicator: Indicator 6.2.1 be de "Proportion of population using (a) safely managed sanitation services den (b) a hand-washing facility plus soap den water".

De definition of "safely managed sanitation" service be: "Use of improved facilities dat are not shared plus oda households den where excreta are safely disposed of insyd situ anaa transported den treated offsite." Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.

Ending open defecation fit require de provision of toilets den sanitation for 2.6 billion people as well as behavior change of de population. To meet SDG targets for sanitation by 2030, nearly "a third of countries fit need to accelerate progress to end open defecation, including Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, den Pakistan". Dis fi require cooperation between governments, civil society den de private sector.

Report from 2019 for Target 6.1 den 6.2

Targets 6.1 den 6.2 are usually reported on together because they are both part of de WASH sector den have de same custodian agency, de Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply den Sanitation (JMP).

Insyd June 2019, de JMP released their 138-page report "Progress on household drinking water, sanitation, den hygiene 2000-2017: special focus on inequalities."

Drinking water (Target 6.1)

De report say dat insyd 2017, 5.3 billion people—representing 71% of de population of de world—used a "safely managed drinking-water service—one dat be "located on premises, available wen needed, den free from contamination".

By 2017, 6.8 billion people—representing 90% of de world's population—used "at least a basic service", wich included "an improved drinking-water source within a round trip of 30 minutes to collect water". However, insyd 2017, there were still 785 million people hu lacked "even a basic drinking-water service, including 144 million people hu [were] dependent on surface water."

De report say dat approximately 2 billion people used a "drinking water source contaminated plus feces". De report warned dat diseases, including "diarrhoea, ,cholera dysentery, typhoid, den polio" are transmitted by contaminated water, wich cause about 485, 000 diarrhea deaths each year. E cautioned dat 50% of de global population fit be "living insyd water-stressed areas" by 2025.

By 2017, eighty countries provided access to clean water for more dan 99% of their population. From 2000 to 2017, de global population dat lacked access to clean water decreased from nearly 20% to roughly 10%.

External links

• Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
• Water Security and Sustainable Development Hub
• UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform – SDG 6
• "Global Goals" Campaign - SDG 6
• SDG-Track.org - SDG 6