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Synesthesia

From Wikipedia
synesthesia
musical concept
Subclass ofperceptual disorders Edit

Synesthesia (American English) anaa synaesthesia (British English) be a perceptual phenomenon insyd wich stimulation of one sensory anaa cognitive pathway lead to involuntary experiences insyd a second sensory anaa cognitive pathway.[1][2][3][4] People plus synesthesia fi experience colors wen dem dey listen to music, see shapes wen dem dey smell certain scents, anaa perceive tastes wen dem dey look at words. People wey report a lifelong history of such experiences be known as synesthetes.

Awareness of synesthetic perceptions dey vary from person to person plus de perception of synesthesia dey differ base on an individual ein unique life experiences den de specific type of synesthesia wey dem get.[5][6] Insyd one common form of synesthesia, dem know as grapheme–color synesthesia anaa color–graphemic synesthesia, letters anaa numbers be perceived as inherently colored.[7][8] Insyd spatial-sequence, anaa number form synesthesia, numbers, months of de year, anaa days of de week elicit precise locations insyd space (e.g., 1980 fi be "farther away" dan 1990), anaa fi appear as a three-dimensional map (clockwise anaa counterclockwise).[9][10] Synesthetic associations fi occur insyd any combination den any number of senses anaa cognitive pathways.[11]

Dem know little about how synesthesia dey develop. Na dem suggest say synesthesia dey develop during kiddie time wen na kiddies be intensively engage plus abstract concepts for de first time.[12] Dis hypothesis—dem refer to am as semantic vacuum hypothesis—fi explain why de most common forms of synesthesia be grapheme–color, spatial sequence, den number form. Dese be usually de first abstract concepts wey educational systems require kiddies make dem learn.

Na dem attribute de earliest recorded case of synesthesia is attribute to de Oxford University academic den philosopher John Locke, wey, insyd 1690, he make a report about a blind man wey na he say he experience de color scarlet wen he hear de sound of a trumpet.[13] However, der be disagreement as to whether na Locke describe an actual instance of synesthesia anaa na he dey use a metaphor.[14] De first medical account cam from German physician Georg Tobias Ludwig Sachs insyd 1812.[14][15][16] De term be from Ancient Greek σύν syn 'togeda' den αἴσθησις aisthēsis 'sensation'.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ Cytowic, Richard E. (2002). Synesthesia: A Union of the Senses (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-03296-4. OCLC 49395033.
  2. ↑ Cytowic, Richard E. (2003). The Man Who Tasted Shapes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-53255-6. OCLC 53186027.
  3. ↑ Cytowic, Richard E.; Eagleman, David M. (2009). Wednesday is Indigo Blue: Discovering the Brain of Synesthesia. with an afterword by Dmitri Nabokov. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01279-9.
  4. ↑ Harrison JE, Baron-Cohen S (1996). Synaesthesia: classic and contemporary readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-19764-5. OCLC 59664610.
  5. ↑ Henry, Paige (19 September 2003). "Synesthesia: Definition, Explanation, and More". betterhelp.com.
  6. ↑ van Campen, C (2009). "The Hidden Sense: On Becoming Aware of Synesthesia" (PDF). www.pucsp.br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-07-08. Retrieved 2025-11-22.
  7. ↑ Rich AN, Mattingley JB (January 2002). "Anomalous perception in synaesthesia: a cognitive neuroscience perspective". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience (Review). 3 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1038/nrn702. PMID 11823804. S2CID 11477960.
  8. ↑ Hubbard EM, Ramachandran VS (November 2005). "Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia". Neuron (Review). 48 (3): 509–520. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.012. PMID 16269367. S2CID 18730779.
  9. ↑ Galton F (1880b). "Visualized Numerals". Nature. 21 (543): 494–495. Bibcode:1880Natur..21..494G. doi:10.1038/021494e0. S2CID 4074444.
  10. ↑ Seron X, Pesenti M, Noël MP, Deloche G, Cornet JA (August 1992). "Images of numbers, or 'When 98 is upper left and 6 sky blue'". Cognition. 44 (1–2): 159–196. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90053-K. PMID 1511585. S2CID 26687757.
  11. ↑ "How Synesthesia Works". HowStuffWorks. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2016-05-02.
  12. ↑ Mroczko-Wąsowicz A, Nikolić D (2014). "Semantic mechanisms may be responsible for developing synesthesia". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8: 509. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00509. PMC 4137691. PMID 25191239.
  13. 1 2 Ward, Ossian (10 June 2006). The man who heard his paint box hiss. The Telegraph. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  14. 1 2 Jewanski J, Day SA, Ward J (July 2009). "A colorful albino: the first documented case of synaesthesia, by Georg Tobias Ludwig Sachs in 1812". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 18 (3): 293–303. doi:10.1080/09647040802431946. PMID 20183209. S2CID 8641750.
  15. ↑ Herman LM (2018-12-28). "Synesthesia". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
  16. ↑ Konnikova M (2013-02-26). "From the words of an albino, a brilliant blend of color". Scientific American Blog Network. Archived from the original on 2016-09-20. Retrieved 2019-01-25.
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