Tashahhud

Tashahhud

Islamic term

Part of	salah
Part of the series	elements of Salat
Dey follow	sujud, sitting in salah
Followed by	Abrahamic prayer, Dua, Taslim, dhikr, Raising hands in Dua

De Tashahhud (Arabic: تَشَهُّد, wey dey mean "testimony [of faith]"), dem sanso know as at-Tahiyyat (Arabic: ٱلتَّحِيَّات), be de portion of de Muslim prayer wer de person dey kneel anaa dey tap on de ground drn dey face de qibla (direction of Mecca), dey glorify God, den dey greet Muhammad den de "righteous servants of God" wey be followed by de two testimonials. De recitation usually be followed by an invocation of de blessings den peace upon Muhammad dem know as Salawat.

Origins

Der be a hadith wey dey state:

Ibn Mas'ud is reported to have said that the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) taught me tashahhud taking my hand within his palms, in the same way as he taught me the chapter of the Quran, and we also read it after his passing away.

Sunni tradition

Hanafi den Hanbali

A version dem attribute to Abdullah ibn Masud insyd Sahih al-Bukhari wey Sunni Muslims use from both de Hanafi den de Hanbali schools, as well as de non-Sunni Ibadi Muslims:

ٱلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّٰهِ وَٱلصَّلَوَاتُ وَٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ، ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَىٰ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ.

"Salutations to God and prayers and good deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, as well as God's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of God. I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger."

Maliki

A version dem attribute to Umar wey de Maliki school use, as dem find insyd Malik ein Al-Muwatta:

ٱلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّٰهِ ٱلزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّٰهِ ٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ وَٱلصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّٰهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَىٰ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهُ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ.

"Salutations to God. Pureness to God. Good deeds and prayers to God. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, as well as God's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of God. I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger."

Shafi'i

A version dem attribute to Ibn Abbas wey de Shafi'i school use, as dem find insyd Sahih Muslim:

ٱلتَّحِيَّاتُ ٱلْمُبَارَكَاتُ ٱلصَّلَوَاتُ ٱلطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّٰهِ، ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَىٰ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهُ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ.

"Blessed salutations, prayers, good deeds to God. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, as well as God's mercy and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of God. I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger."

Shia tradition

Former Iranian Presido Mohammad Khatami, wey be a Shia cleric, insyd Tashahhud during a Salat.

Jafari

De Twelver Shias of de Ja'fari school dey recite de Tashahhud as:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ.‌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ.

"I bear witness that there is no deity but God, the One, there is no partner to Him, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger. O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad."

De Tashahhud be followed by de Salam. De bare minimum be to say "as-salamu ʿalaykum" (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, lit. 'peace be upon you'). E be highly recommended, though, to add "wa-raḥmatu -llāhi wa-barakātuh" (Arabic: وَرَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ, lit. 'and God's mercy and blessings')

E be highly recommended, though, to recite insyd de Salam of de prayer:

E sanso be recommended to say "Bismi-millahi wa billahi wa al-hamdulillahi wa khairil asma'ilillah" before tashahud. After de tashahud, dem sanso fi say, "wa taqabbal shafa'atahu warfa' darajatahu".Making a lot of dua den dhikr insyd tashahud be a prophetic sunnah according to Zafari Madhjab.

Zaidi

For de Zaidi, de middle Tashahhud after de second rakʿah be recited as:

After de last rakʿah, de Zaidi dey recite de Tashahhud insyd ein full formula:

External links

• Learn how to Recite Tashahhud