Thalidomide

thalidomide

stereoisomers mixture

Subclass of	chemical compound
Get use	Medication
Native label	Thalidomide
Has effect	Phocomelia due to thalidomide
Discoverer or inventor	Heinrich Mückter
Chemical formula	C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₄
Canonical SMILES	C1CC(=O)NC(=O)C1N2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O
Active ingredient in	Thalidomide Celgene, Thalomid
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name	thalidomide
Physically dey interact plus	Ring-box 1, Cullin 4A, Damage specific DNA binding protein 1, Cereblon
Route of administration	oral administration
Pregnancy category	Australian pregnancy category X, US pregnancy category X
LiverTox likelihood score	LiverTox toxicity likelihood category B
MCN code	2925.19.10

Thalidomide, dem sell under de brand names Contergan, Distaval den Thalomid among odas, be an oral administered medication dem use to treat a number of cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma), graft-versus-host disease, den chaw skin disorders (e.g., complications of leprosy such as skin lesions). Na dem use thalidomide to treat conditions wey be associated plus HIV: aphthous ulcers, HIV-associated wasting syndrome, diarrhea, den Kaposi's sarcoma, buh na dem report increases insyd HIV viral load.

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, rash, den dizziness. Severe side effects dey include tumor lysis syndrome, blood clots, den peripheral neuropathy. Thalidomide be a known human teratogen den dey carry an extremely high risk of severe, life-threatening birth defects if dem administer anaa take am during pregnancy. E dey cause skeletal deformities such as amelia (absence of legs den/anaa arms), absence of bones, den phocomelia (malformation of de limbs). A single dose of thalidomide, regardless of dosage, be enough to cause teratogenic effects.

Na dem first market thalidomide insyd 1957 insyd West Germany, wer na e be available as an over-the-counter drug. Wen na dem first release am, na dem promote thalidomide for anxiety, trouble sleeping, "tension", den morning sickness. While na dem initially think e be safe insyd pregnancy, na dem find thalidomide to cause birth defects, wey resulting in ein removal from de market insyd Europe insyd 1961. Na de total number of infants severely harm by thalidomide use during pregnancy be estimated at over 10,000, possibly 20,000, of whom na about 40% died around de time of birth. Na those wey survive get limb, eye, urinary tract, den heart problems. Na ein initial entry into de US market be prevented by Frances Kelsey, a reviewer at de FDA. De birth defects wey be caused by thalidomide lead to de development of greater drug regulation den monitoring insyd chaw countries.

Na dem approve am insyd de United States insyd 1998 for use as a treatment give cancer. E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. E be available as a generic medication.

Read further

• Stephens T, Brynner R (24 December 2001). Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and Its Revival as a Vital Medicine. Perseus Books. ISBN 978-0-7382-0590-8.
• Knightley P, Evans H (1979). Suffer The Children: The Story of Thalidomide. New York: The Viking Press. ISBN 978-0-670-68114-3.

External links

• Daemmrich A (7 December 2015). "Remind me again, what is thalidomide and how did it cause so much harm". The Conversation.