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The Big Six (Ghana)

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The Big Six (Ghana)
group of humans, hexad

Na The Big Six be six leaders of de United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), one of de leading political parties insyd de British colony of de Gold Coast, dem know after independence as Ghana. Na dem detain dem by de colonial authorities insyd 1948 dey follow disturbances wey lead to de killing of three World War II veterans. Dem be pictured on de front of de Ghana cedi notes.[1]

The Big Six

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Dem consider dem de founding fathers of present-day Ghana,[2] na de members of de Big Six be:[3]

Background

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AWAM boycott

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Na an organized boycott of European imports take place insyd January 1948. Na de aim be say make dem get de foreign traders dem know as de Association of West African Merchants (AWAM) make dem reduce de prices of dema goods.[3] Na dis be followed by a series of riots insyd early February 1948.[11] Na dem schedule de boycotts make e end on 28 February 1948, a day wey cam be significant insyd de history of Ghana.[3] AWAM cam be a term synonymous plus cheating anaa profiteering insyd Ghana.[12][13]

Christianborg cross-roads shooting

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On 20 February 1948, na Dr. Nkrumah den Dr. J. B. Danquah meet den address World War II veterans wey na dem dey agitate for dema end-of-service benefits following World War II at de Palladium Cinema, Accra.[3] Na dese veterans fight plus de Gold Coast Regiment of de Royal West African Frontier Force wey na dem no bia dema gratuities on dema return home.[14] Na Nkrumah den Danquah both give dema support wey na dem encourage de veterans insyd dema protest over dema post-war neglect.[15]

On 28 February, wat cam be known as de "Christianborg Cross-Roads shooting" occur. Na sam Second World War veterans march go de Christianborg Castle, de seat of de colonial government.[16] Na dem intend make dem submit a petition to de Governor, Sir Gerald Creasy about dema poor conditions, unpaid war benefits den neglect.[14][17] Na Police Superintendent Colin Imray, a British police officer, order de veterans make dem disperse, buh na dem refuse. Na he then order ein men make dem open fire on de unarmed soldiers, wen na dem refuse, he open fire einself killing three of dem namely, Sergeant Cornelius Frederick Adjetey, Private Odartey Lamptey den Corporal Attipoe.[3][17] Na dis lead to anoda round of riots den looting insyd Accra during wich na dem loot foreign (European den Asian) stores. Na de riots last for five days.[3][11]

De arrest of The Big Six

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Dat same day, after all de wahala, de UGCC leaders send message straight to Secretary of State for London.[15]

If dem no change Colonial Government sharp-sharp, den bring real Government wey go serve de people den dema Chiefs, wahala go dey! Masses dey loose control, strike dey loom for Police area, wey Police no dey answer Officer orders! Dis one fi lead to more violent den bad behaviour from people wey no get control again.

Na Working Committee wey dey represent United Gold Coast Convention talk say dem ready to take over interim Government.[18] We dey ask in de name of de people wey dey suffer, wey no fi talk, wey dey misrule den misgovern, den dema Chiefs say make dem send Special Commissioner sharp-sharp to hand over de Government to de interim Government of Chief den de People, den to witness make dem call de Constituent Assembly gree, quick quick.[19]

Na dem sanso blame Sir Gerald Creasy (whom na dem call "Crazy Creasy")[11] for de riots secof how na he handle de country ein problems.

On 1 March 1948, na dem read de Riot Act. After dat, na Sir Gerald issue a Removal Order for de arrest of de six leaders of de UGCC wey na dem hold insyd de remote northern part of de Gold Coast dey follow dema arrests.[20] Na dem establish wey dem name a commission of enquiry de Watson Commission wey be chaired by Mr Brian Otwerebemah make e investigate de riots. Na members of de Watson commission include Dr Keith Murray, Mr Andrew Dalgleish den Mr E. G. Hanrott.[3]

Dey follow dema incarceration, na de nationalists cam be known as de Big Six while na dema popularity increase.[17]

On 8 March 1948, na sam teachers den students demonstrate against de detention of de Big Six buh na dem dismiss dese demonstrators. Upon ein release, na Dr. Nkrumah set up a secondary school, Ghana National College insyd Cape Coast, give de dismissed staff den students.

References

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  1. ↑ "Report on the Riots of 1948", The Ghana Reader, Duke University Press, pp. 259–264, 2016, doi:10.1215/9780822374961-052, ISBN 978-0-8223-7496-1, retrieved 2020-08-24
  2. ↑ "About Ghana". www.ghanaembassy.nl (in British English). Retrieved 2020-08-01.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kosi Dedey (8 March 2007). "The "Big Six", Myth or Reality?". Feature article. Ghana Home Page. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  4. ↑ Rathbone, Richard (2004-09-23). "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31504. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ↑ Pobee, John S. (1988). Kwame Nkrumah and the Church in Ghana, 1949-1966 : a study in the relationship between the Socialist Government of Kwame Nkrumah, the first Prime Minister and first President of Ghana, and the Protestant Christian Churches in Ghana. Asempa Publishers, Christian Council of Ghana. ISBN 9964-78-168-7. OCLC 476349273.
  6. ↑ Sherwood, Marika (2015-05-31), "Adjei, Ako", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50496, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2020-08-24
  7. ↑ "GHANA: Akufo-Addo Takes Oath". Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series. 54 (1): 21280A – 21280C. 2017. doi:10.1111/j.1467-825x.2017.07449.x. ISSN 0001-9844.
  8. ↑ Osei, Akwasi (2010-04-27), "Danquah, Joseph Boakye", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.47822, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2020-08-24
  9. ↑ Akansina Aziabah, Maxwell (2011-12-08), "Obetsebi-Lamptey, Emmanuel Odarquaye", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49678, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2020-08-24
  10. ↑ "Atta, Nana Sir Ofori, (11 Oct. 1881–24 Aug. 1943), Omanhene (Paramount Chief) of Akyem Abuakwa; an Unofficial Member, Executive Council of Gold Coast, since 1942; Provincial Member of the Legislative Council, Gold Coast Colony; President of the Provincial Council of Chiefs, Eastern Province, Gold Coast Colony; Member of the Board of Education, Gold Coast Colony; Director of Akim, Limited; Member of District Agricultural Committee, Akim Abuakwa", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u222064, retrieved 2020-08-24
  11. 1 2 3 Allan D. Ohene (March 2002). "Ghana before Independence". Ghana General Info-History. Lion's Den Ltd. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  12. ↑ "Ghana Dictionary A". Ghana Web. GhanaWeb. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  13. ↑ "Ghanaian Slang". Ghana Web. GhanaWeb. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  14. 1 2 "Christianborg Crossroad Shooting Incident marked". General News of Thursday, 28 February 2008. Ghana Home Page. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  15. 1 2 "Ghana is 50, UGCC is 60, too". News:Editorials. The Statesman. 26 March 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  16. ↑ ""Savages Again"", Medicine Bags and Dog Tags, UNP - Nebraska, pp. 114–134, doi:10.2307/j.ctt1dfnv0s.10, ISBN 978-0-8032-1629-7, retrieved 2020-08-24
  17. 1 2 3 "Independence". History of Ghana. BusinessGhana. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  18. ↑ "PEOPLE GET READY", People Get Ready!, OR Books, pp. 23–44, 2019-05-01, doi:10.2307/j.ctvg2535n.6, ISBN 978-1-68219-198-9, retrieved 2020-08-24
  19. ↑ ""We More Immediately Represent the People"", Foundations of Representative Government in Maryland, 1632–1715, Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–232, 1988-01-29, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511528668.007, ISBN 978-0-521-32941-5, retrieved 2020-08-24
  20. ↑ "Kinloch, Sir George, (1 March 1880–16 March 1948)", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u227799, retrieved 2020-08-24
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  • Pictures of "The Big Six"
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