Jump to content

Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom

From Wikipedia
Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
Wikimedia list article, Wikimedia information list, timeline
Facet giveabolitionism, abolition of slavery Edit
De declaration wey go stop slavery for de French colonies, 27 April 1848, 1849, by François Auguste Biard, Palace of Versailles

Na de abolition of slavery occur at different times insyd different countries. E frequently occur sequentially insyd more dan one stage – for example, as abolition of de trade insyd slaves insyd a specific country, den then as abolition of slavery thru out empires. Na each step be usually de result of a separate law anaa action. Dis timeline dey show abolition laws anaa actions dem list chronologically. E sanso dey cover de abolition of serfdom.

Although slavery of non-prisoners be technically illegal insyd all countries today, de practice dey continue insyd chaw locations around de world, primarily insyd Africa, Asia, den Eastern Europe, often plus government support.[1]

Ancient times

[edit | edit source]

During classical antiquity, na chaw prominent societies insyd Europe den de ancient Near East regulate enslavement for debt den de related buh distinct practice of debt bondage (insyd wich a creditor fi extract compulsory labor from a debtor in repayment of dema debt, buh na de debtor no formally be enslaved wey dem no be subject to all de conditions of chattel slavery, such as dem be perpetually owned, sellable on de open market, anaa stripped of kinship).

Reforms dem list below such as de laws of Solon insyd Athens, de Lex Poetelia Papiria insyd Republican Rome, anaa rules dem set forth insyd de Hebrew Bible insyd de Book of Deuteronomy generally regulate de supply of slaves den debt-servants by dem dey forbid anaa dey regulate de bondage of certain privileged groups (thus, na de Roman reforms protect Roman citizens, na de Athenian reforms protect Athenian citizens, den de rules insyd Deuteronomy guarantee freedom to a Hebrew after a fixed duration of servitude), buh na none abolish slavery, den even wat protections na dem institute no apply to foreigners anaa noncitizen subjects.

Date Jurisdiction Description
Early sixth century BC Polis of Athens Na de Athenian lawgiver Solon abolish debt slavery of Athenian citizens wey he free all Athenian citizens wey na dem formerly be enslaved.[2][3] Na Athenian chattel slavery continue to be practiced, den de loss of debt-bondage as a competing source of compulsory labor even fi be spurred slavery make e cam be more important insyd de Athenian economy henceforth.[4]
3rd century BC Maurya Empire Indian emperor Ashoka abolish de slave trade.[5]
326 BC Roman Republic Lex Poetelia Papiria abolish Nexum contracts, a form of pledging de debt bondage of poor Roman citizens to wealthy creditors as security for loans. Na dem no abolish chattel slavery, wey na Roman slavery go continue to flourish for centuries.
9–12 AD Xin dynasty Wang Mang, first den emperor per of de Xin dynasty, na he usurp de Chinese throne wey he institute a series of sweeping reforms, wey dey include de abolition of slavery den radical land reform from 9–12 A.D.[6][7] However, na dis den oda reforms turn popular den elite sentiment against Wang Mang, wey na dem reinstitute slavery after na dem kill am by an angry mob insyd 23 A.D.

Medieval times

[edit | edit source]
N.B.: Na dem reverse chaw of de listed reforms over succeeding centuries.
Date Jurisdiction Description
590–604 Rome Na Pope Gregory I ban Jews from owning Christian slaves.[8]
7th century Francia Queen Balthild, a former slave, den de Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) condemn de enslavement of Christians. Na Balthild purchases slave, mostly Saxon, den manumit (frees) dem.[9]
741–752 Rome Pope Zachary ban de sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchase all slaves dem acquire insyd de city by Venetian slave traders, den set dem free.
840 Carolingian Empire
Republic of Venice		 Pactum Lotharii: Na Venice pledge to neither buy Christian slaves insyd de Empire, nor sell dem to Muslims. Venetian slave traders switch to trading Slavs from de East (Balkan slave trade).
873 Christendom Pope John VIII declare de enslavement of fellow Christians a sin den command dema release.[10]
~900 Byzantine Empire Emperor Leo VI the Wise prohibit voluntary self-enslavement den command dat such contracts go be null den void den punishable by flagellation for both parties to de contract.[11]
956 Goryeo Dynasty (Korea) Ma dem free slaves on a large scale insyd 956 by de Goryeo dynasty.[12] Na Gwangjong of Goryeo proclaim de Slave and Land Act (노비안검법, 奴婢按檢法), an act wey "deprive nobles of much of dema manpower insyd de form of slaves den purge de old nobility, de meritorious subjects den dema offspring den military lineages insyd great numbers".[13]
960 Republic of Venice Na dem ban slave trade insyd de city under de rule of Doge Pietro IV Candiano (Council of Venice).
1080 Norman England William the Conqueror prohibit de sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves.
1100 Normandy Serfdom no longer be present.[14]
1102 Norman England De Council of London ban de slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."[15][16]
c. 1160 Norway De Gulating ban de sale of house slaves out of de country.
1171 Lordship of Ireland All English slaves insyd de island be freed by de Council of Armagh.[16]
1198 France in the Middle Ages Na dem found de Trinitarian Order plus de purpose of redeeming war captives.
1214 Korčula De Statute of de Town abolish slavery.[17][18]
1218 Aragon Mercedarians dem found insyd Barcelona plus de purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims.
~1220 Holy Roman Empire De Sachsenspiegel, de most influential German code of law from de Middle Ages, condemn slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God.[19]
1245 Aragon James I ban Jews from owning Christian slaves, buh dey allow dem to own Muslims den pagans.[20]
1256 Bologna Liber Paradisus promulgate. Na dem abolish slavery den serfdom, all serfs insyd de commune be released.
1315 France in the Middle Ages Louis X publish a decree wey dey abolish slavery den dey proclaim dat "France dey signify freedom", dat any slave wey dey set foot on French ground for be freed.[21] However na sam limited cases of slavery continue til de 17th century insyd sam of France ein Mediterranean harbours insyd Provence, as well as til de 18th century insyd sam of France ein overseas territories.[22] Chaw aspects of serfdom sanso eliminate de facto between 1315 den 1318.[23]
1318 France King Philip V abolish serfdom insyd ein domain.[24]
1335 Sweden Na dem abolish slavery (wey dey include Sweden ein territory insyd Finland). However, na dem no ban slaves entry into de country til 1813.[25] Between 1784 den 1847, na dem dey practice slavery insyd de Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Na Sweden never practice serfdom, except insyd a few territories na e later acquire wich na be ruled under a local legal code.
1347 Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385) De Statutes of Casimir the Great issue insyd Wiślica emancipate all non-free people.[26]
1368 Ming Dynasty Na Emperor Hongwu abolish chaw forms of slavery,[6] wey dey limit even de highest ranks of household to less dan 20 household slaves. Later insyd de dynasty see a resurgence of debt servitude, primarily insyd de south, as a result of population growth against de dearth of arable lands, often dey take euphemisms like "adoption" to circumvent ein still outlawed status.[27]
1416 Ragusa Na dem abolish slavery den slave trade.
1423 Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385) King order make dem free all Christian slaves.[28]
1435 Kingdom of the Canary Islands Pope Eugene IV ein Sicut Dudum ban enslavement of baptised Christians, "anaa those freely seeking baptism" insyd de Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.[29]
1477 Castile Isabella I ban slavery insyd newly conquered territories.[30]
1480 Galicia Na dem abolish remnant serfdom by de Catholic Monarchs.[31]
1486 Aragon Ferdinand II promulgate de Sentence of Guadalupe, wey dey abolish Carolingian-remnant serfdom (remença) insyd Old Catalonia.
1490 Castile After a long court case, de Catholic Monarchs order dat all La Gomera natives enslaved insyd de aftermath of de 1488 rebellion for be freed den returned to de island at Conquistador Pedro de Vera ein expense. Na De Vera sanso relieve from ein post as Governor of Gran Canaria insyd 1491.[32]
1493 Queen Isabella ban de enslavement of Native Americans unless dem be hostile anaa cannibalistic.[30] Native Americans be ruled to be subjects of de Crown. Columbus be preempted from selling Indian captives insyd Seville den those wey dem already sell be tracked, purchased from dema buyers den released.

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ "Maps | Global Slavery Index".
  2. ↑ Athenaion Politeia 12.4, quoting Solon s:Athenian Constitution#12
  3. ↑ Garland, Robert (2008). Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization. New York City, New York: Sterling. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8.
  4. ↑ Finley, M. I. (1980). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. New York: Viking Press. p. 78.
  5. ↑ Siddharth Kara (10 October 2017). Modern Slavery: A Global Perspective. Columbia University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-231-52802-3. Ashoka outlawed the slave trade in the Mauryan Empire
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. p. 155. ISBN 9780313331435.
  7. ↑ Harcourt Education (December 2006). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. Abc-Clio, LLC. ISBN 9780313036736. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  8. ↑ Isidore Singer, Joseph Jacobs: SLAVE-TRADE jewishencyclopedia.com, accessed 30 August 2019
  9. ↑ Paul Fouracre, Richard A. Gerberding (1996), Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-4791-9, p. 97–99 & 111.
  10. ↑ Denzinger, Heinrich P. (2012). Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations on Matters of Faith and Morals. Santa Francisco, California: Ignatius Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-89870-746-5.
  11. ↑ Novel 59 of Leo VI the Wise, D. Karampelas (ed.), Legal History Resources, Patakis Publishers, 2008 [Δ. Καράμπελας (επιμ.), Πηγές Ιστορίας του Δικαίου, Εκδόσεις Πατάκη, 2008], p. 68-69
  12. ↑ Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. pp. 392–393. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
  13. ↑ Breuker, Remco E. Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty. BRILL. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4.
  14. ↑ Sept essais sur des Aspects de la société et de l'économie dans la Normandie médiévale (Xe – XIIIe siècles) Lucien Musset, Jean-Michel Bouvris, Véronique Gazeau -Cahier des Annales de Normandie- 1988, Volume 22, Issue 22, pp. 3–140
  15. ↑ Pijper, Frederik (1909). "The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages". The American Historical Review. 14 (4). American Historical Association: 681. doi:10.1086/ahr/14.4.675. JSTOR 1837055.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Internet History Sourcebooks Project". sourcebooks.fordham.edu.
  17. ↑ "Statute of Korcula from 1214 – Large Print". Korculainfo.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  18. ↑ admin (2019-09-12). "The Statute of the town and island of Korčula from 1214". Korcula.net (in English). Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  19. ↑ Backhaus, Jürgen (2012-05-31). Hans A. Frambach in Jürgen Georg Backhaus: "The Liberation of the Serfs". Springer. p. 33. ISBN 9781461400851. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  20. ↑ Roth, Norman (1994). Jews, Visigoths & Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Leiden: Brill. pp. 160–161.
  21. ↑ Miller, Christopher L. (11 January 2008). The French Atlantic triangle: literature and culture of the slave trade. Duke University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0822341512. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EltisBradley2011
  23. ↑ "Disappearance of Serfdom. France. England. Italy. Germany. Spain". 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  24. ↑ PITTORESQUE, LA FRANCE (2018-01-23). "23 janvier 1318 : le roi Philippe V affranchit les serfs de ses domaines". La France pittoresque. Histoire de France, Patrimoine, Tourisme, Gastronomie (in French). Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  25. ↑ John Roach; Jürgen Thomaneck (1985). Police and public order in Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-7099-2242-1.
  26. ↑ Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1859). A general view of the world: comprising a physical, political, and statistical account of its grand divisions ... with their empires, kingdoms, republics, principalities, &c.: exhibiting the history of geographical science and the progress of discovery to the present time ... Illustrated by upwards of nine hundred engravings ... H. Cowperthwait & Co. p. 335. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  27. ↑ "明代的义男买卖与雇工人".
  28. ↑ Mizerski, Witold (2013). Tablice historyczne (in Polish). Warsaw: adamantan. p. 113. ISBN 978-83-7350-246-8.
  29. ↑ "Sicut Dudum Pope Eugene IV – January 13, 1435 – Papal Encyclicals". papalencyclicals.net. 13 January 1435. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Sánchez Galera, Juan y Sánchez Galera, José María. Vamos a contar mentiras. Madrid, México, Buenos Aires, San Juan, Santiago, Miami. Edaf, 2012
  31. ↑ Payne, Stanley G. (1973) A History of Spain and Portugal. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  32. ↑ Trujillo Cabrera, J. (2007) Episodios Gomeros del siglo XV. Ed. IDEA, 359 pages.

Read further

[edit | edit source]
  • Campbell, Gwyn. The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (Frank Cass, 2004)
  • Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (2008) excerpt
  • Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery (Cambridge University Press, 2009)
  • Drescher, Seymour. Pathways from slavery: British and colonial mobilizations in global perspective (Routledge, 2018).
  • Drescher, Seymour. "Civil Society and Paths to Abolition." Journal of Global Slavery 1.1 (2016): 44–71.
  • Finkelman, Paul, and Joseph Miller, eds. Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery (2 vol 1998)
  • Finkelman, Paul, and Seymour Drescher. "The eternal problem of slavery in international law: Killing the vampire of human culture." Michigan State Law Review (2017): 755+ online Archived 24 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
  • Gordon, M. Slavery in the Arab World (1989)
  • Grindal, Peter. Opposing the Slavers; The Royal Navy's Campaign against the Atlantic Slave Trade (L.B. Tauris 2016) ISBN 978-1-78831-286-8
  • Hinks, Peter, and John McKivigan, eds. Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition (2 vol. 2007) 795pp; ISBN 978-0-313-33142-8
  • Lovejoy, Paul. Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (Cambridge UP, 1983)
  • Mathews, Nathaniel. "The 'Fused Horizon' of Abolitionism and Islam: Historicism, the Quran and the Global History of Abolition." Journal of global slavery 4.2 (2019): 226–265.
  • Morgan, Kenneth. Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America (2008)
  • Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1997)
  • Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World (2007)
  • Sinha, Manisha. "The Problem of Abolition in the Age of Capitalism The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823, by David Brion Davis." American Historical Review 124.1 (2019): 144–163.
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom&oldid=62776"