Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome

rare disease, class of disease

Subclass of	tic disorder, genetic disease, genetic movement disorder, disease
Dem name after	Georges Gilles de la Tourette
Health specialty	neurology
Symptoms and signs	tic
Genetic association	PHEX, IMMP2L, SLITRK1
Risk factor	smoking
Has phenotype	tic
ICD-9-CM	307.23
ICPC 2 ID	P10
NCI Thesaurus ID	C35078

Tourette syndrome (TS), anaa simply Tourette's, be a common neurodevelopmental disorder wey dey begin insyd kiddie time anaa adolescence. E be characterized by chaw movement (motor) tics den at least one vocal (phonic) tic. Common tics be blinking, coughing, throat clearing, sniffing, den facial movements. Tics typically be preceded by an unwanted urge anaa sensation insyd de affected area dem know as a premonitory urge, sam times fi be suppressed temporarily, den characteristically change insyd location, strength, den frequency. Tourette's be at de more severe end of de spectrum of tic disorders. De tics often go unnoticed by casual observers.

Na dem once regard Tourette's as a rare de bizarre syndrome wey na e popularly be associate plus coprolalia (de utterance of obscene words anaa socially inappropriate den derogatory remarks). E no longer be considered rare; about 1% of school-age kiddies den adolescents be estimated to have Tourette's, Der be no specific tests give diagnosing Tourette's; e no always be correctly identified, secof chaw cases be mild, den de severity of tics dey decrease give chaw kiddies as dem dey pass thru adolescence. Therefore, chaw go undiagnosed anaa fi never seek medical attention. Extreme Tourette's insyd adulthood, often sensationalized insyd de media, be rare, buh for a small minority, severely debilitating tics fi persist into adulthood.

Der be no cure for Tourette's den no single most effective medication. Insyd chaw cases, medication for tics no be necessary, den behavioral therapies be de first-line treatment. Education be an important part of any treatment plan, den explanation alone often dey provide sufficient reassurance dat no oda treatment be necessary. Oda conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) den obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), be more likely to be present among those wey dem refer to specialty clinics dan dem be among de broader population of persons plus Tourette's. Dese co-occurring conditions often dey cause more impairment to de individual dan de tics; hence e be important to correctly distinguish co-occurring conditions den treat dem.

Na dem name Tourette syndrome by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot give ein intern, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, wey publish am insyd 1885 an account of nine patients plus a "convulsive tic disorder". While de exact cause be unknown, dem dey believe e dey involve a combination of genetic den environmental factors. De mechanism dey appear to involve dysfunction insyd neural circuits between de basal ganglia den related structures insyd de brain.

External links

• McGuire JF, Murphy TK, Piacentini J, Storch EA (2018). The Clinician's Guide to Treatment and Management of Youth with Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-811980-8.