Travelers' diarrhea
Travelers' diarrhea (TD) be a stomach den intestinal infection dem experience during travel to a new location as a result of lack of immunity to local food-borne pathogens. TD be defined as de passage of unformed stool (one anaa more by sam definitions, three anaa more by odas) while traveling.[1][2] E fi be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, headache, den bloating.[2] Occasionally dysentery fi occur.[3] Chaw travelers dey recover within three to four days plus little anaa no treatment.[2] About 12% of people fi get symptoms for a week.[2]
Bacteria be responsible for more dan half of cases,[2] typically via foodborne illness den waterborne diseases. De bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) be typically de most common except insyd Southeast Asia, wer Campylobacter be more prominent.[1][2] About 10 to 20 percent of cases be secof norovirus.[2] Protozoa such as Giardia fi cause longer-term disease.[2] De risk be greatest insyd de first two weeks of travel den among young adults.[1] People affected be more often from de developed world.[1]
Recommendations give prevention dey include eating properly cleaned den cooked chow per, drinking bottled water, den frequent hand washing.[4] De oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, be of questionable use give travelers' diarrhea.[5] Preventive antibiotics generally be discouraged.[2] Primary treatment dey include rehydration den replacing lost salts (oral rehydration therapy).[2][4] Antibiotics be recommended for significant anaa persistent symptoms, wey fi be taken plus loperamide to decrease diarrhea.[2] Hospitalization be required insyd less dan 3 percent of cases.[1]
Estimates of de percentage of people affected dey range from 20 to 50 percent among travelers to de developing world.[2] TD particularly be common among people wey dey travel to parts of Asia, de Middle East, Africa, Latin America, den Central den South America.[4] De risk be moderate insyd Southern Europe, den Russia.[6] TD be linked to later irritable bowel syndrome den Guillain–Barré syndrome.[1][2] E colloquially be known by a number of names, wey dey include "Montezuma's revenge", "Turkey trots", "Bali belly" den "Delhi belly".[7]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Giddings, SL; Stevens, AM; Leung, DT (March 2016). "Traveler's Diarrhea". The Medical Clinics of North America. 100 (2): 317–30. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.08.017. PMC 4764790. PMID 26900116.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Leder, K (2015). "Advising travellers about management of travellers' diarrhoea". Australian Family Physician. 44 (1–2): 34–37. PMID 25688957. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12.
- ↑ Feldman, Mark (2015). Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management (10th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1924. ISBN 978-1-4557-4989-8. Archived from the original on 2016-03-10.
- 1 2 3 "Travelers' Diarrhea". cdc.gov. April 26, 2013. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
- ↑ Ahmed, T; Bhuiyan, TR; Zaman, K; Sinclair, D; Qadri, F (5 July 2013). "Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7) CD009029. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009029.pub2. PMC 6532719. PMID 23828581.
- ↑ Diemert, D. J. (17 July 2006). "Prevention and Self-Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 19 (3): 583–594. doi:10.1128/CMR.00052-05. PMC 1539099. PMID 16847088.
- ↑ "Traveler's Diarrhea-Topic Overview". WebMD. 2013-03-27. Archived from the original on 2015-06-30. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
Traveler's diarrhea is sometimes called by its more colorful names: Montezuma's revenge, Delhi belly, and Turkey trots.
External links
[edit | edit source]
Travel information from Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata
- "Travelers' Diarrhea". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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