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United Nations General Assembly

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United Nations General Assembly
international parliament, principal organ of the United Nations
Part ofUnited Nations System, United Nations Edit
Year dem found am1945 Edit
Native labelUnited Nations General Assembly Edit
Short nameUNGA, AGNU, AGNU, GS ZN Edit
Position held by head of the organizationPresident of the United Nations General Assembly Edit
ChairpersonDennis Francis Edit
Dey apply to jurisdictionUnited Nations Edit
Parent organization or unitUnited Nations Edit
Get subsidiaryUNICEF, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations System Staff College, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, UN Trade and Development Edit
Demma headquarters locationHeadquarters of the United Nations Edit
Foundational textCharter of the United Nations Edit
Dema official websitehttps://un.org/ga Edit
Described at URLhttps://media.un.org/en/search/categories/meetings-events/general-assembly Edit
Related categoryCategory:United Nations General Assembly elections Edit

De United Nations General Assembly (UNGA anaa GA; French: Assemblée générale des Nations Unies,[1] AGNU anaa AG) be one of de six principal organs of de United Nations (UN), wey dey serve as ein main deliberative, policymaking, den representative organ. Currently insyd ein 79th session, ein powers, composition, functions, den procedures be set out insyd Chapter IV of de United Nations Charter.

De UNGA be responsible for de UN budget, wey dey appoint de non-permanent members to de Security Council, wey dey appoint de UN secretary-general, wey dey receive reports from oda parts of de UN system, den dey make recommendations thru resolutions.[2] E sanso dey establish chaw subsidiary organs make e advance anaa assist insyd ein broad mandate.[3] De UNGA be de UN organ per wer all member states get equal representation.

De General Assembly dey meet under ein presido anaa de UN secretary-general insyd annual sessions for de General Assembly Building, within de UN headquarters insyd New York City. De primary phase of dese meetings generally dey run from September thru part of January til all issues be addressed, wich often be before de next session start.[4] E sanso fi reconvene for special den emergency special sessions. Na dem convene de first session on 10 January 1946 insyd de Methodist Central Hall insyd London wey be included representatives of de 51 founding nations.

Chaw questions be decided insyd de General Assembly by a simple majority. Each member country get one vote. Voting for certain important questions—namely recommendations on peace den security; budgetary concerns; den de election, admission, suspension, anaa expulsion of members—be by a two-thirds majority of those wey be present den dey vote. Apart from de approval of budgetary matters, wey dey include de adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions no be binding for de members dema top. De Assembly fi make recommendations for any matters top within de scope of de UN, except matters of peace den security under de Security Council ein consideration.

For 1980s, de Assembly dey be place wey dem dey do "North-South dialogue" between big countries wey don develop plus those wey still dey try balance ground. Dis matter come frontline because UN membership don grow plenty plus change as e dey be. Back in 1945, UN get 51 members, but for 21st century, e don near quadruple to 193, with plenty wey be developing countries. Because dem get numbers, developing countries fit help shape wetin go happen for Assembly (with group like G77), how dem go debate am, plus how dem go make decisions. For plenty developing countries, UN na di main place wey dem fit flex dia diplomatic power plus show wetin dem dey plan for foreign relations.

Although na de resolutions wey be passed by de General Assembly no get binding forces over de member nations (apart from budgetary measures), pursuant to ein Uniting for Peace resolution of November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)), de Assembly sanso fi take action if de Security Council fail make e act, dey owe to de negative vote of a permanent member, insyd a case wer der dey appear to be a threat to de peace, breach of de peace anaa act of aggression. De Assembly fi consider de matter immediately plus a view to make dem make recommendations to Members for collective measures to maintain anaa restore international peace den security.[5]

Ein History

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Methodist Central Hall, London, de location of de first meeting of de United Nations General Assembly insyde 1946[6]
De 1947 meeting at de General Assembly meeting place between 1946 den 1951 insyde Flushing, New York

De first meeting of the UN General Assembly happen for 10 January 1946 inside Methodist Central Hall for London. For there, representatives from 51 countries come gather.[6] After dat, before dem go settle for good for Manhattan in 1951, de Assembly bin dey meet for di old New York City Pavilion from di 1939 New York World's Fair for Flushing , New York.[7] On November 29.1947, dem Assembly people vote say dem go take di United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine for dat same place.[8]

For 1946 to 1951, di General Assembly, Security Council, and Economic Social Council bin dey hold dema meetings for di United Nations temporary head office for Lake Success, New York.[9][10] Around dat time for 1949, CBS Television network bin show live pictures of dem meetings for dema United Nations in Action program wey di journalist Edmund Chester make.[11]

Dem move go di permanent United Nations Headquarters for New York City when dem start dema seventh normal yearly meeting, on 14 October 1952. For December 1988, sake of dem wan hear Yasser Arafat, di General Assembly plan dema 43rd meeting for Palace of Nations, for Geneva, Switzerland.[12]

Membership

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Main talk: Countries wey dey inside United Nations

All di 193 countries wey dey for United Nations, dem all dey inside di General Assembly, plus Holy See and Palestine wey be observer states, and European Union too (since 1974). On top, di United Nations General Assembly fit give observer status give any international group or people, wey go make dem fit join di work wey General Assembly dey do, but dem get some limits.

Agenda

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De plan wey dem dey take do each session, dem dey fix am like seven months before, and e dey start wit one first list of tings wey dem go put for di temporary agenda.[13] Dem go polish dis list into proper temporary agenda 60 days before di session open. When di session start, dem go take di final agenda for one big meeting wey dem call plenary, wey go share di work give different main committees, and dem committees go bring report come back give di Assembly make dem take am by everybody agreeing or by voting.

Di tings wey dey di agenda, dem get numbers. Normal plenary meetings for di General Assembly for recent years, dem bin plan say e go take just three months; but sake of plenty work, dem dey stretch di meetings till e nearly reach di next session. Di normal parts of di sessions dey start on "di Tuesday for di third week for September, counting from di first week wey get at least one working day," as di UN Rules of Procedure talk.[14] Di last two of dis normal sessions, dem bin plan say dem go rest after three months[15] for early December, but dem start again for January and stretch am till just before di next sessions go start.[16]

Resolutions

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Prime Minister of Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad addressing de United Nations General Assembly on 25 September 2003
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev addresses de 64th session of de UN General Assembly on 24 September 2009.

General Assembly dey vote plenty resolutions wey sponsoring states go bring come. Dem be general statements wey show how international community dey feel about plenty world matters.[17] Most General Assembly resolutions no dey fit enforce as law or anything wey go work, because General Assembly no get power to enforce plenty issues.[18] De General Assembly get de authority to make final decisions for some areas like de United Nations budget.[19]

General Assembly fit also send matter go Security Council make dem fit make binding resolution.[20]

Resolution numbering scheme

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From di First go di Thirtieth General Assembly sessions, all di resolutions dey number one after di other, with di resolution number follow by di session number for Roman numbers (like, Resolution 1514 (XV), wey be di 1514th resolution wey di Assembly adopt plus dem take am for di Fifteenth Regular Session (1960)). From Thirty-First Session go, dem dey number resolutions by each session (like Resolution 41/10 be di 10th resolution wey dem adopt for Forty-First Session).[21]

Budget

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De General Assembly sef dey approve di budget for United Nations plus e dey decide how much money each member country go pay to run di organization.[22]

United Nations charter de give General Assembly de responsibility to dey approve budget (Chapter IV, Article 17) plus de prepare de budget to de secretary-general as di 'chief administrative officer' (Chapter XV, Article 97). De Charter also addresses de non-payment of money wey dem suppose dey pay (Chapter IV, Article 19). De planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring, den evaluation cycle of de United Nations don change over time; some big decisions wey dem make about this process na General Assembly resolutions: 41/213 wey drop 19 December 1986, 42/211 wey land 21 December 1987, plus 45/248 wey come 21 December 1990.[23]

Di budget dey cover di money for United Nations programmes wey concern political matters, international justice den law, cooperation for development, public information, human rights, plus humanitarian affairs.

Main money wey dey run di regular budget na di contributions wey member states go give. Di scale wey we dey use na based on how much each country fit pay. Dis one dey determined by how we go check dem relative shares of total gross national product, adjusted make we fit consider number of some factors, plus di per capita incomes wey dem get.

On top of di normal budget, dem dey check how much each country go fit pay for di international courts plus based on de modified version of de basic scale, for di money wey go go for peacekeeping work.[24]

Elections

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De General Assembly dey responsible for electing members for different bodies insyde United Nations system, as e talk for United Nations Charter. You fit find di way dem dey do di elections for Section 15 of di Rules of Procedure for di General Assembly. Di most important elections wey dey happen for di General Assembly na for di next President of di General Assembly, di Security Council, di Economic plus Social Council, di Human Rights Council, di International Court of Justice, judges for di United Nations Dispute Tribunal, plus di United Nations Appeals Tribunal. Most elections dey happen every year, but di election of judges for ICJ, dey happen every three years.[25][26]

Every year, Assembly dey choose five non-permanent members of de Security Council for two years term, 18 members for Economic den Social Council for three years, plus 14 to 18 members for Human Rights Council for three years too. Dem go still choose who go lead de next General Assembly session, like next President of de General Assembly, 21 vice presidents, plus de bureaux of di six main committees.[25][27][28]

Elections for International Court of Justice dey happen every three years make e no lose continuity for di court. For dis elections, dem go elect five judges wey go serve for nine years. Dis elections dey happen together with di Security Council, plus candidates need to get majority votes from both sides, make dem fit win.[29]

Di Assembly sef, plus di Security Council, go pick di next secretary-general for di United Nations. De main gist of this election dey happen for Security Council, as General Assembly go just point de person wey get Council nomination.[30]

Regional groups

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Division of seats of de Economic plus Social Council based on regional grouping:
  African States (14)
  Asia-Pacific States (11)
  Eastern European States (6)
  Latin American and Caribbean States (10)
  Western European and Other States (13)

United Nations Regional Groups dem create am to make sure say dey go be equitable geographical distribution of seats between de Member States insyde different United Nations bodies. Resolution 33/138 of de General Assembly talk say "de composition of de various organs of de United Nations should be so constituted as to ensure demma representative character. So, di countries wey dey part of United Nations, dem dey divide into five regions small-small, plus most organisations for United Nation system get some number of seats wey dem give to each regional group. Plus, di leadership for plenty groups dey rotate small-small between di regional sides, like di presidency of di General Assembly plus di chairmanship of di six main committees.[30][31][32]

Di regional groups dey work based on consensus principle. Candidates wey dem endorse go normally get elected by di General Assembly for any next elections.[32]

Sessions

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Regular sessions

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Di General Assembly dey meet every year for regular session wey start for di third Tuesday of September, and e go last until next September. Dem dey hold di sessions for United Nations Headquarters for New York unless de General Assembly change am by majority vote.[25][33]

De regular session get two main parts, di main one plus di resumed one. Di main part dey run from di start of di session till Christmas break for December, na there plenty work dey happen for di Assembly. Dis period be di time wey di Assembly dey work pass, plus e include di general debate plus majority of di work wey di six Main Committees dey do. Di session wey dem go start again, e go run from January till di beginning of de new session, e get more thematic debate, dem go do consultation plus meet for working group too.[34]

General debate

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Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero addressing de General Assembly insyde New York, 20 September 2005
United States President Barack Obama addresses de UN General Assembly for 2011.
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff delivers de opening speech at de 66th Session of de General Assembly on 21 September 2011, marking de first time a woman opened a United Nations session.[35]

Di general debate wey dey happen for each new session of di General Assembly go hold di week after dem officially open di session, usually di next Tuesday, plus e go dey happen non-stop for nine working days. Di general debate be high-level event wey usually dey happen, usually heads of state or government, ministers, plus United Nations delegates go dey attend am. For di general debate, Member States fit use di chance bring important topics or matters wey dem feel say e dey important. On top of di general debate, dem also get many other high-level thematic meetings, summits plus informal events dem de hold during general debate week.[36][37][38] For de 80 general debates insyd between 23 October 1946 den 29 September 2025 der be in total 11,127 speeches; 3,356 of dem hold am by heads of state anaa government. Since 2008 (except 2010) de majority of speeches was given by heads of state anaa government. For average, ca 6% of de member countries no dey attend de general debate, among dem Nicaragua (23 of 80 times absent), Saudi-Arabia, Luxembourg (each 21 of 80 times absent) den Ivory Coast (20 of 66 times absent).[39]

Special sessions

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Special sessions wey dem call UNGASS fit happen three ways: if Security Council request am, or if plenty member States of United Nations talk say dem want am, or one single member fit start am if plenty agree. Dis special sessions dey usually focus on one topic plus e go finish with one or two documents wey dem go agree, like political declaration, action plan, or strategy to tackle de topic dem de talk about. Dem dey be high-level events with participation from heads of state plus government go come plus government ministers go join too. Dem don get 32 special sessions for di history of United Nations.[34][40][41]

Emergency special sessions

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If Security Council no fit gree, usually because di permanent members dey argue, to decide on wetin dey threaten world peace plus security, then dem fit call emergency special sessions to make correct suggestions to member states for dem to take collective measures.Dis power dey for Assembly because of Resolution 377(V) wey dem pass for 3 November 1950.[42][43]

If wahala dey, Security Council fit call emergency special session if at least seven members agree, or if most Member States of United Nations support am. If dem get enough votes, Assembly go meet within 24 hours, plus dem go notify Members at least twelve hours before dem start de session. Dem don get 11 emergency special sessions for the history of United Nations.[25]

Subsidiary organs

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De United Nations General Assembly building
Panorama of de UNGA

General Assembly get some agents wey dem divide into five types: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (six), boards (seven), councils (four) plus panels (one), working groups, plus other wahala.

Committees

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Main committees
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Di main committees dey number like dis,1–6 :[44]

  • De First Committee: Disarmament plus International Security dey focus on disarmament plus di international security wahala wey dey related.
  • De Second Committee: Economic den Financial dey concern with economic questions.
  • De Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian dey deal with social den humanitarian issues
  • De Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonisation[45] dey handle plenty political mata wey First Committee no go touch, plus decolonisation too.
  • De Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary de deal with de administration plus budget of de United Nations
  • De Sixth Committee: Legal deals with legal matters

Di roles of plenty main committees don change over di years. Up to late 1970s, di First Committee na Political and Security Committee, and dem get enough extra 'political' wahala wey make dem create one extra main committee wey dem call Special Political Committee. Di Fourth Committee before dey take care of Trusteeship plus Decolonization matter. As dem dey reduce the number of these matters wey dem go fit solve because de trust territories don gain their independence plus decolonization movement dey move, de work wey Special Political Committee dey do join Fourth Committee for 1990s.

Each main committee dey gather all de members of de General Assembly. Dem go select one chairman, three vice chairmen, plus one rapporteur right from de beginning of each normal General Assembly session.

Oda committees
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Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev addressing de UN General Assembly for December 1988

Dis one no get number. As per General Assembly website, di most important be:[44]

  • Credentials Committee – Dis committee dey responsible to make sure say all UN representatives get correct diplomatic credentials. Dem get nine Member States wey dey part of dis committee wey dem dey elect anytime dem gather for General Assembly.
  • General Committee – Dis na di group wey dey check sey everytins for di Assembly meeting go smooth. Di General Committee get di president, di vice presidents of de current General Assembly session, plus di chairman for each of di six Main Committees.

Other committees wey dey for General Assembly, we go list dem.[46]

Commissions

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Der be six commissions:[47]

  • United Nations Disarmament Commission, dem establish by GA Resolution 502 (VI) den S-10/2
  • International Civil Service Commission, dem establish by GA Resolution 3357 (XXIX)
  • International Law Commission, dem establish by GA Resolution 174 (II)
  • United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), dem establish by GA Resolution 2205 (XXI)
  • United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, dem establish by GA Resolution 194 (III)
  • United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, dem establish by GA Resolution 60/180 den UN Security Council Resolutions 1645 (2005) den 1646 (2005)

Despite ein name, na de former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) actually be a subsidiary body of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Boards

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Der be seven boards wich dem categorize into two groups: a) Executive Boards den b) Boards[48]

Executive Boards

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  1. Executive Board of de United Nations Children's Fund, dem establish by GA Resolution 57 (I) den 48/162
  2. Executive Board of de United Nations Development Programme den of de United Nations Population Fund, dem establish by GA Resolution 2029 (XX) den 48/162
  3. Executive Board of de World Food Programme, dem establish by GA Resolution 50/8

Boards

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  1. Board of Auditors, dem establish by GA Resolution 74 (I)
  2. Trade and Development Board, dem establish by GA Resolution 1995 (XIX)
  3. United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board, dem establish by GA Resolution 248 (III)
  4. Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, dem establish by GA Resolution 37/99 K

Councils den panels

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De newest council be de United Nations Human Rights Council, wich replace de aforementioned UNCHR insyd March 2006.

Der be a total of four councils den one panel.[49]

Working Groups den oda

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Der be a varied group of working groups den oda subsidiary bodies.[50]

Seating

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Countries be seated alphabetically insyd de General Assembly according to English translations of de countries ein names. De country wey occupies de front-most left position be determined annually by de secretary-general via ballot draw. De remaining countries follow alphabetically after it.[51]

Reform den UNPA

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Main article: Reform of de United Nations

Sanso see: United Nations Parliamentary Assembly

On 21 March 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan dey present a report, Insyd Larger Freedom, dat criticized de General Assembly for focusing so much on consensus dat e be passing watered-down resolutions reflecting "de lowest common denominator of widely different opinions."[52] He sanso criticize de Assembly for trying to address too broad an agenda, instead of focusing on "de major substantive issues of de day, such as international migration den de long-debated comprehensive convention on terrorism." Annan recommended streamlining de General Assembly ein agenda, committee structure, den procedures; strengthening de role den authority of ein president; enhancing de role of civil society; den establishing a mechanism to review de decisions of ein committees, insyd oda to minimize unfunded mandates den micromanagement of de United Nations Secretariat. Annan reminded UN members of demma responsibility to implement reforms, if they expect to realize improvements insyd UN effectiveness.[53]

De reform proposals be not taken up by de United Nations World Summit insyd September 2005. Instead, de Summit solely affirmed de central position of de General Assembly as de chief deliberative, policymaking den representative organ of de United Nations, as well as de advisory role of de Assembly insyd de process of standard-setting den de codification of international law. De Summit sanso dey call for strengthening de relationship between de General Assembly den de oda principal organs to ensure better coordination on topical issues dat require coordinated action by de United Nations, insyd accordance plus demma respective mandates.[54]

A United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, or United Nations People's Assembly (UNPA), be a proposed addition to de United Nations System dat eventually can allow for direct election of UN parliament members by citizens all over de world.

Insyd de General Debate of de 65th General Assembly, Jorge Valero, representing Venezuela, say "De United Nations has exhausted ein model den e be not simply a matter of proceeding plus reform, de twenty-first century demands deep changes dat be only possible plus a rebuilding of dis organisation." He point to de futility of resolutions concerning de Cuban embargo den de Middle East conflict as reasons for de UN model having failed. Venezuela sanso call for de suspension of veto rights insyd de Security Council because e be a "remnant of de Second World War [e] be incompatible plus de principle of sovereign equality of States."[55]

Reform of de United Nations General Assembly wey include proposals to change de powers den composition of de U.N. General Assembly. Dis can include, for example, tasking de Assembly plus evaluating how well member states implement UNGA resolutions,[56] wey increase de power of de assembly vis-à-vis de United Nations Security Council, or making debates more constructive den less repetitive.[57]

De U.N. General Assembly approved de "Pact for de Future," a plan to address global challenges including climate change, AI regulation, inequality, den conflicts. E dey call for reforms to de Security Council, nuclear disarmament, den greater inclusion of youth den women insyd decision-making. U.N. Secretary-General Guterres urged leaders to act on these commitments.[58]

Sidelines of de General Assembly

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De annual session of de United Nations General Assembly be accompanied by independent meetings between world leaders, better known as meetings taking place on de sidelines of de Assembly meeting. De diplomatic congregation has sanso since evolved into a week attracting wealthy den influential individuals from around de world to New York City to address various agendas, ranging from humanitarian den environmental to business den political.[59]

Sanso see

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References

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  1. ↑ "Assemblée générale des Nations Unies". 18 April 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
  2. ↑ Charter of the United Nations: Chapter IV Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. United Nations.
  3. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly". United Nations General Assembly. Archived from the original on Jul 15, 2018.
  4. ↑ United Nations Official Document. "The annual session convenes on Tuesday of the third week in September per Resolution 57/301, Para. 1. The opening debate begins the following Tuesday". United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  5. ↑ General Assembly of the United Nations Archived 29 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine. United Nations. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  6. 1 2 "History of United Nations 1941 – 1950". United Nations. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "Queens Public Library Digital". digitalarchives.queenslibrary.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  8. ↑ "United Nations, Queens: A Local History of the 1947 Israel-Palestine Partition". The Center for the Humanities. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  9. ↑ Rosenthal, A. M. (19 May 1951). "U.N. Vacates Site at Lake Success; Peace Building Back to War Output". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  10. ↑ Druckman, Bella (19 May 2021). "The United Nations Headquarters in Long Island's Lake Success". Untapped New York. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  11. ↑ "CBS television broadcast of a new series reporting the sessions and..." Getty Images. 2 March 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  12. ↑ (in French) "Genève renoue avec sa tradition de ville de paix, Le Temps, 16 January 2014. Archived 16 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine".
  13. ↑ "Introduction - UN Documentation: General Assembly". United Nations Research Guides and Resources at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
  14. ↑ "Sessions, Rules of Procedure". General Assembly of the United Nations. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  15. ↑ "General Assembly Adopts Work Programme for Sixty-Fourth Session". UN General Assembly. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012.
  16. ↑ "High-level meetings of the 64th Session", General Assembly of the UN. Archived 26 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ "Are UN resolutions binding? – Ask DAG!". ask.un.org (in English). Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  18. ↑ "United Nations General Assembly". Encyclopedia Britannica (in English). Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
  19. ↑ "Article 17 (1) of Charter of the United Nations". 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  20. ↑ "Articles 11 (2) and 11 (3) of Charter of the United Nations". 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  21. ↑ "Annexes". Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly. 2017-08-02. doi:10.18356/a9a4aeed-en. ISBN 9789210605991. ISSN 2412-0898.
  22. ↑ Population, total | Data | Table Archived 20 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. World Bank. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  23. ↑ UN Security Council : Resolutions, Presidential Statements, Meeting Records, SC Press Releases Archived 2 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. United Nations. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  24. ↑ United Nations Department of Management Archived 4 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine. United Nations. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "General Assembly of the United Nations". United Nations (in English). Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-09-27.
  26. ↑ Statute of the International Court of Justice. San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945 – via Wikisource.
  27. ↑ United Nations (17 October 2019). "General Assembly Elects 14 Member States to Human Rights Council, Appoints New Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  28. ↑ United Nations (4 June 2019). "Delegates Elect Permanent Representative of Nigeria President of Seventy-Fourth General Assembly by Acclamation, Also Choosing 20 Vice-Presidents". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  29. ↑ "Members of the Court". International Court of Justice. n.d. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  30. 1 2 Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. pp. 61–65. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2018.
  31. ↑ United Nations General Assembly Session 33 E 138. Question of the composition of the relevant organs of the United Nations: amendments to rules 31 and 28 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly to rules A/RES/33/138 19 December 1978. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  32. 1 2 Winkelmann, Ingo (2010). Volger, Helmut (ed.). A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations (2nd ed.). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 592–96. ISBN 978-90-04-18004-8. S2CID 159105596.
  33. ↑ "Ordinary sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Archived from the original on 16 December 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  34. 1 2 Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2018.
  35. ↑ Llenas, Bryan (4 January 2017). "Brazil's President Rousseff to be First Woman to Open United Nations". Fox News. New York. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  36. ↑ Manhire, Vanessa, ed. (2019). "United Nations Handbook 2019–20" (PDF). United Nations Handbook (Wellington, N.z.). (57th ed.). Wellington: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand: 17. ISSN 0110-1951. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  37. ↑ "What is the general debate of the General Assembly? What is the order of speakers at the general debate?". Dag Hammarskjöld Library. United Nations. 10 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  38. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  39. ↑ The special case of South Africa with 24 absences is not counted, since the country was suspended (not excluded) from the General Assembly between 1974 and 1993. So there were only four real absences.
  40. ↑ Charter of the United Nations . San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945 – via Wikisource.
  41. ↑ "Special sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  42. ↑ Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2018.
  43. ↑ "Emergency Special sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  44. 1 2 "Main Committees". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  45. ↑ "General Assembly of the United Nations". www.un.org (in English). Retrieved 2025-11-01.
  46. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Committees". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  47. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Commissions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  48. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Boards". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  49. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Assemblies and Councils". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  50. ↑ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Working Groups". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  51. ↑ The PGA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (in English). Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2011. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  52. ↑ "Report of the Secretary-General in Larger Freedom towards development, security and human rights for all". Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  53. ↑ "In Larger Freedom, Chapter 5". United Nations. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  54. ↑ Johnstone, Ian (2008). "Legislation and Adjudication in the UN Security Council: Bringing down the Deliberative Deficit". American Journal of International Law. 102. No 2 (2): 275–308. doi:10.2307/30034539. JSTOR 30034539. S2CID 144268191.
  55. ↑ Assembly, General. "Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of H.E. Mr. Jorge Valero Briceño, Chairman of the Delegation". United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  56. ↑ "Revitalization of the Work of the General Assembly" (PDF). Globalpolicy.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  57. ↑ "The Role of the UN General Assembly". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  58. ↑ "U.N. General Assembly approves blueprint to foster global unity". 21 September 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
  59. ↑ David Gelles (21 September 2017). "It's the U.N.'s Week, but Executives Make It a High-Minded Mingle". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
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