Jump to content

White Nile

From Wikipedia
White Nile
river
Part ofNile Edit
Origin of the watercourseLake Victoria Edit
Mouth of the watercourseNile Edit
Lake for watercourse topLake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake No Edit
Drainage basinNile basin Edit
Basin countryBurundi Edit
Coordinate location0°24′55″N 33°11′44″E, 15°37′25″N 32°30′7″E Edit

De White Nile (Arabic: النيل الأبيض an-nīl al-'abyaḍ) be river for North den East Africa insyd. E be de less-voluminous, but longer (den wider den shallower), of de two major tributaries of de Nile, de larger being de Blue Nile.[1] De name "White" dey come from de clay sediment wey dem carry for de water insyd dat changes de water to a pale color.[2]

For de strict meaning insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to de river formed at Lake No, at de confluence of de Bahr al Jabal den Bahr el Ghazal Rivers. For de wider sense insyd, "White Nile" dey refer to all de stretches of river wey e drain from Lake Victoria thru to de merger plus de Blue Nile: de "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, then de "Albert Nile" to de South Sudan border, den then de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No.[3] "White Nile" may sometimes include de headwaters of Lake Victoria, de most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from de Blue Nile.[4]

A map wey dey show de White Nile den de Blue Nile for East Africa insyd.

Course

[edit | edit source]

Headwaters

[edit | edit source]
Rusumo Falls

De Kagera River, wey dey flow into Lake Victoria near deTanzanian town of Bukoba, be de longest feeder river give Lake Victoria, although sources no gree for wey e be de longest tributary of de Kagera top, den hence de most distant source of de Nile.[5] Dem fi consider de source of de Nile to be either deRuvyironza, wey dey emerge for de Bururi Province, Burundi insyd[6] (near Bukirasaz), anaa de Nyabarongo, wey dey flow from Nyungwe Forest for Rwanda insyd.[7]

Dem two feeder rivers dey meet near Rusumo Falls for de border between Rwanda den Tanzania top. Dem know dem waterfalls give an event for 28–29 April 1994 top, when 250,000 Rwandans cross de bridge at Rusumo Falls into Ngara, Tanzania, for 24 hours insyd, for wat de United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees bell "de largest den fastest refugee exodus for modern times insyd". De Kagera dey form part of de Rwanda–Tanzania den Tanzania–Uganda borders before e flow into Lake Victoria.

For Uganda insyd

[edit | edit source]
Rafters wey dey flip for Bujagali Falls insyd near de mouth of deVictoria Nile

De White Nile for Uganda insyd dey go under de name of "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, den then as de "Albert Nile" from der to de border plus South Sudan.

Victoria Nile

[edit | edit source]
Victoria Nile, Uganda

De Victoria Nile dey start at de outlet of Lake Victoria, at Jinja, Uganda, for de northern shore of de lake top.[8] Downstream from de Nalubaale Power Station den de Kiira Power Station at de outlet of de lake, de river dey go ova Bujagali Falls (de location of de Bujagali Power Station) about 15 km (9.3 mi) downstream from Jinja. De river then dey flow northwest thru Uganda to Lake Kyoga for de centre of de country insyd, thence west to Lake Albert.

At Karuma Falls, de river dey flow under Karuma Bridge (2°14′45.40″N 32°15′9.05″E / 2.2459444°N 32.2525139°E / 2.2459444; 32.2525139) at de southeastern corner of Murchison Falls National Park. During much of de insurgency of de Lord's Resistance Army, Karuma Bridge, dem build am for 1963 insyd to help de cotton industry, be de key stop for de way to Gulu top, wey vehicles gather for convoys insyd before dem provide am plus a military escort give de final run north. For 2009 insyd, de government of Uganda announce plans to construct a 750-megawatt hydropower project several kilometres north of de bridge, wey dem schedule give completion for 2016 insyd.[9] De World Bank approve funding a smaller 200-megawatt power plant, but Uganda opt give a larger project, wey de Ugandans go fund internally if necessary.[10]

Just before e enter Lake Albert, dem compress de river into a passage just seven meters wide at Murchison Falls, wey dey mark ein entry into de western branch of de East African Rift. De river then dey flow into Lake Albert opposite de Blue Mountains for de Democratic Republic of de Congo insyd.

De stretch of river from Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, dem dey sometimes bell am de "Kyoga Nile".[11]

Albert Nile

[edit | edit source]
Bridge for Albert Nile top

Dem bell de river wey dey drain from Lake Albert to de north de "Albert Nile". E dey separate de West Nile sub-region of Uganda from de rest of de country. A bridge dey pass ova de Albert Nile near ein inlet for Nebbi District insyd, but dem build no oda bridge ova dis section. A ferry dey connect de roads between Adjumani den Moyo, den navigation of de river be otherwise dan by small boat anaa canoe.

For South Sudan den Sudan

[edit | edit source]
Confluence of Blue den White Nile near Khartoum

From de point wey de river dey enter South Sudan from Uganda, de river dey go under de name of "Mountain Nile". From Lake No for South Sudan insyd, de river dey becam de "White Nile" for ein strictest sense insyd, den so dey continue northwards into Sudan wey e end at ein confluence plus de Blue Nile.

Mountain Nile

[edit | edit source]
De white Nile Uganda

From Nimule for South Sudan insyd, close to de border plus Uganda, de river dey becam known as de "Mountain Nile" anaa "Baḥr al-Jabal" (sanso "Baḥr el-Jebel", بحر الجبل), literally "Mountain River" anaa "River of de Mountain".[12][13] De Southern Sudanese state of Central Equatoria thru wey de river dey flow dem know am as Bahr al-Jabal until 2006.[14]

De southern stretch of de river dey encounter several rapids before e reach de Sudan plain den de vast swamp of de Sudd. E dey make ein way to Lake No, wey e dey merge plus de Bahr el Ghazal den der dey form de White Nile.[15][16] An anabranch river wey dem bell Bahr el Zeraf dey flow out of de Bahr al-Jabal at den dey flow thru de Sudd, to eventually join de White Nile. De Mountain Nile dey cascade thru narrow gorges den ova a series of rapids dat dey include de Fula (Fola) Rapids.[16][17]

De White den Blue Niles dey merge at Khartoum, de capital of Sudan.

White Nile proper

[edit | edit source]

To sam pippoe, de White Nile dey start at de confluence of de Mountain Nile plus de Bahr el Ghazal at Lake No.[15]

De 120 kilometers of White Nile dat dey flow east from Lake No to de mouth of de Sobat dey very gently sloping den hold many swamps den lagoons.[18] Wen for flood insyd, de Sobat River tributary dey carry a large amount of sediment, wey e add greatly to de White Nile ein pale color.[19] From South Sudan ein second city Malakal, de river dey run slowly but swamp-free into Sudan den north to Khartoum. Downstream from Malakal dey lie Kodok, de site of de 1898 Fashoda Incident dat mark an end to de Scramble for Africa.

For Sudan insyd, de river dey lend ein name to de Sudanese state of White Nile, before e merge plus de larger Blue Nile at Khartoum den dey form de River Nile.

Inland waterways

[edit | edit source]

De White Nile be navigable waterway from de Lake Albert to Khartoum thru Jebel Aulia Dam, only between Juba den Uganda dey require de river upgrade anaa channel to make am navigable.

During part of de year, de rivers dey navigable up to Gambela, Ethiopia, den Wau, South Sudan.

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ Elsanabary, Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa (2012), Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Canada: University of Alberta, doi:10.7939/R3377641M, hdl:10402/era.28151
  2. ↑ The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12. 1867. p. 362. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  3. ↑ Dumont, Henri J. (2009). The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 344–345. ISBN 9781402097263. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  4. ↑ Penn, James R. (2001). Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. p. 299. ISBN 9781576070420. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  5. ↑ McLeay, cam (2 July 2006). "The truth about the source of R. Nile". New Vision. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  6. ↑ "Nile River". Archived from the original on 10 January 2007. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  7. ↑ "Team reaches Nile's 'true source'". BBC News. 31 March 2006. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  8. ↑ vanden Bossche, J.-P.; Bernacsek, G. M. (1990). Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. p. 291. ISBN 92-5-102983-0. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Holland, Hereward (8 May 2009). "Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  10. ↑ Wacha, Joe (29 October 2011). "Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project". Uganda Radio Network Online. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  11. ↑ The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law (in English). M.K. Nawaz. 1980. p. 398. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  12. ↑ The Arabic word baḥr (بحر) can refer to either a sea or a large river
  13. ↑ Garstin, William Edmund; Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). "Nile" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 692–699.
  14. ↑ "Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name". Sudan Tribune. 16 April 2006. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  15. 1 2 Parsons, Ellen C. (1905). Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa (in English). Macmillan Company. p. 7. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  16. 1 2 The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park (in English), 16 June 2010, archived from the original on 3 August 2020, retrieved 2020-08-20
  17. ↑ "Nile River (Mountain) | Waterbodies.org". www.waterbodies.org (in English). Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-08-20.
  18. ↑ Shahin, Mamdouh (1985). Hydrology of the Nile Basin (in English). Elsevier. p. 40. ISBN 9780444424334. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
  19. ↑ "Sobat River". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online Library ed.). Retrieved 21 January 2008.
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Nile&oldid=105103"