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Climate change

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Climate change
atmospheric phenomenon, environmental issue, human impact on the environment
Subclass ofexternal risk, global climate change Edit
Has causecarbon dioxide emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, deforestation Edit
Studied inclimatology Edit
Contributing factor ofarctic sea ice decline Edit
Described at URLhttps://www.ipcc.ch Edit
Has contributing factorcoal-fired power station Edit
Handled, mitigated, or managed byclimate change adaptation Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/global_warming Edit
Opposite ofglobal cooling Edit

For common usage, climate change dey describe global warming—de ongoing increase insyd global average temperature den ein effects for de Earth ein Climate system top. Climate change insyd broader sense sanso dey include previous long-term changes to Earth ein climate. De current rise insyd global average temperature be primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels since de Industrial Revolution.[1][2] Fossil fuel use, deforestation, den some agricultural den industrial practices dey add to greenhouse gases.[3] Dese gases absorb sam of de heat dat de Earth dey radiate after e dey warm from sunlight, dey warm de lower atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, de primary greenhouse gas dey drive global warming, na e grow by about 50% wey e dey levels unseen for millions of years.[4]

Climate change get increasingly large impact for de environment top. Deserts dey expand, while heat waves den wildfires cam turn more common.[5][6] Na amplified warming insyd de Arctic contribute to thawing permafrost, retreat of glaciers den sea ice decline.[7] Higher temperatures sanso dey cause more intense storms, droughts, den oda weather extremes.[8] Rapid environmental change insyd mountains, coral reefs, den de Arctic dey force chaw species make dem relocate anaa cam turn extinct.[9] Even if efforts make dem minimize future warming be successful, sam effects go continue for centuries. Dese dey include ocean heating, ocean acidification den sea level rise.[10]

Climate change dey threaten people plus increased flooding, extreme heat, increased food den water scarcity, more disease, den economic loss. Human migration den conflict sanso fi be a result.[11] De World Health Organization dey bell climate change one of de biggest threats to global health insyd de 21st century.[12] Societies den ecosystems go experience more severe risks widout action to limit warming.[13] Dey adapt to climate change thru efforts like flood control measures anaa drought-resistant crops partially dey reduce climate change risks, although dem already reach sam limits to adaptation.[14][15] Poorer communities be responsible for small share of global emissions, yet get de least ability make dem adapt wey dem be most vulnerable to climate change.[16][17]

Na dem feel chaw climate change impacts insyd recent years, plus 2023 de warmest for record top at +1.48 °C (2.66 °F) since regular tracking begin insyd 1850.[18][19] Additional warming go increase dese impacts wey dem fi trigger tipping points, such as dey melt all of de Greenland ice sheet.[20] Under de 2015 Paris Agreement, nations collectively agree make dem keep warming "well under 2 °C". However, plus pledges dem make under de Agreement, global warming go still reach about 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) by de end of de century.[21] Limiting warming to 1.5 °C go require make dem dey halve emissions by 2030 den dey achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.[22][23][24][25]

Dem fi phase out fossil fuel use by make dem dey conserve energy den switch to energy sources wey no dey produce significant carbon pollution. Dese energy sources dey include wind, solar, hydro, den nuclear power.[26][27] Cleanly generated electricity fi replace fossil fuels for make dem dey power transportation, dey heat buildings, den dey run industrial processes.[28] Dem sanso fi komot carbon from de atmosphere, for instance by make dem dey increase forest cover den farming plus methods twey dey capture carbon insyd soil.[29][30]

References

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  1. ↑ IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 54: "These global-level rates of human-driven change far exceed the rates of change driven by geophysical or biosphere forces that have altered the Earth System trajectory in the past (e.g., Summerhayes, 2015; Foster et al., 2017); even abrupt geophysical events do not approach current rates of human-driven change."
  2. ↑ Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (19 October 2021). "Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature". Environmental Research Letters. 16 (11): 114005. Bibcode:2021ERL....16k4005L. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 239032360.
  3. ↑ Our World in Data, 18 September 2020
  4. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 67: "Concentrations of CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current CO2 concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."
  5. ↑ IPCC SRCCL 2019, p. 7: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)."
  6. ↑ IPCC SRCCL 2019, p. 45: "Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence)."
  7. ↑ IPCC SROCC 2019, p. 16: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."
  8. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11 2021, p. 1517
  9. ↑ EPA (19 January 2017). "Climate Impacts on Ecosystems". Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019. Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.
  10. ↑ IPCC SR15 Ch1 2018, p. 64: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."
  11. ↑ Cattaneo et al. 2019; IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 15, 53
  12. ↑ WHO, Nov 2023
  13. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, p. 19
  14. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG2 2022, pp. 21–26, 2504
  15. ↑ IPCC AR6 SYR SPM 2023, pp. 8–9: "Effectiveness15 of adaptation in reducing climate risks16 is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence)...Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."
  16. ↑ Tietjen, Bethany (2 November 2022). "Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries?". The Conversation. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". IPCC. 27 February 2022. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  18. ↑ Poynting, Mark; Rivault, Erwan (10 January 2024). "2023 confirmed as world's hottest year on record". BBC. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  19. ↑ "Human, economic, environmental toll of climate change on the rise: WMO | UN News". news.un.org. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  20. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary 2021, p. 71
  21. ↑ United Nations Environment Programme 2021, p. 36: "A continuation of the effort implied by the latest unconditional NDCs and announced pledges is at present estimated to result in warming of about 2.7 °C (range: 2.2–3.2 °C) with a 66 per cent chance."
  22. ↑ IPCC SR15 Ch2 2018, pp. 95–96: "In model pathways with no or limited overshoot of 1.5 °C, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions decline by about 45% from 2010 levels by 2030 (40–60% interquartile range), reaching net zero around 2050 (2045–2055 interquartile range)"
  23. ↑ IPCC SR15 2018, p. 17, SPM C.3: "All pathways that limit global warming to 1.5 °C with limited or no overshoot project the use of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) on the order of 100–1000 GtCO2 over the 21st century. CDR would be used to compensate for residual emissions and, in most cases, achieve net negative emissions to return global warming to 1.5 °C following a peak (high confidence). CDR deployment of several hundreds of GtCO2 is subject to multiple feasibility and sustainability constraints (high confidence)."
  24. ↑ Rogelj et al. 2015
  25. ↑ Hilaire et al. 2019
  26. ↑ IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III 2014, p. 1335
  27. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, pp. 24–25, 89
  28. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, p. 84: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."
  29. ↑ IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers 2019, p. 18
  30. ↑ IPCC AR6 WG3 2022, pp. 24–25, 114

Sources

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Dis article dey incorporate text from free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Text dem take from The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview​, FAO, FAO.

IPCC reports

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Fourth Assessment Report

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Listen to this article (1 hour and 16 minutes)

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Scholia has a profile for climate change (Q7942).

Library resources about Climate change

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