Hassan Fathy

Hassan Fathi

human

Ein sex anaa gender	male
Country wey e be citizen	Egypt
Name in native language	حسن فتحي
Name wey dem give am	Hassan
Family name	Fathi
Ein date of birth	25 March 1900
Place dem born am	Alexandria
Date wey edie	30 November 1989
Place wey edie	Cairo
Languages edey speak, rep anaa sign	Arabic
Ein occupation	architect
Field for work	architecture
Employer	Cairo University
Educate for	Cairo University
Award e receive	Right Livelihood Award, Balzan Prize, Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Robert Matthew Prize

Hassan Fathy (Template:Langx; March 23, 1900 – November 30, 1989) wey chaw people dey bell am Egyptian architect hu pioneer appropriate technology for building insyd Egypt, especially by working to reestablish de use of adobe den traditional mud construction as oppose to western building designs, material configurations, den lay-outs. Fathy be recognize plus de Aga Khan Chairman's Award for Architecture insyd 1980.

Personal life

Dem born Hassan Fathy insyd Alexandria to a Middle Class Upper Egyptian family. He study den train as an architect insyd Egypt, graduating insyd 1926 from de King Fuad University (now Cairo University).Template:Nonspecific Fathy marry Aziza Hassanein, sister of Ahmed Hassanein. He be influence by Upper Egyptian den simple rural architecture, he design a villa plus de southern style for ein wife along de Nile insyd Maadi, wich be later destroy to make way for de new corniche. He san design ein brother's mausoleum (1947), along Salah Salem, insyd Neo-Mamluk style.

Career

The mosque at Kurna, Luxor by Hassan Fathy

Roof and dome of the mosque at Kourna seen from the minaret

Hassan Fathy be a cosmopolitan trilingual professor-engineer-architect, amateur musician, dramatist, den inventor. He design nearly 160 separate projects, from modest country retreats to fully planned communities plus police, fire, den medical services, markets, schools, theatres, den places for worship den recreation.Template:Fact These communities include many functional buildings such as laundry facilities, ovens, den wells. He utilize ancient design methods den materials, as well as knowledge of de rural Egyptian economic situation plus a wide knowledge of ancient architectural den town design techniques.Template:Fact He train local inhabitants to make their own materials den build their own buildings.Template:Fact

Early career/New Gourna

He begin teaching at de College of Fine Arts insyd 1930 den design ein first adobe buildings insyd de late 1930s.Template:Fact

Fathy gain international critical acclaim for ein involvement insyd de construction of New Gourna, wey dey locate on Luxor's West Bank, build to resettle de village of Gourna, wich fall within de archaeological areas of de Valley of the Kings den de Valley of the Queens.

New Gourna Village - Craft's Exhibition- Section

Fathy's plan devise groundbreaking approaches to economic, social, den aesthetic issues dat typically impact de construction of low-cost housing.

Plus regard to de economic issues, Fathy dey note dat structural steel be not an apt choice for a poor country, den dat even materials such as cement, timber, den glass did not make good economic sense. To address dis issue, Fathy instead devise a plan dat include de use of appropriate technology, notably mud brick construction.

Noting dat de traditional village, although afflict plus issues of overcrowding den poor sanitation san be an expression of “a living society insyd all its complexity,” Fathy strive to design New Gourna insyd a manner dat address de social concerns, including attempting to consult directly plus "every family insyd Gourna" den advocating for de involvement of social ethnographers insyd de planning process. Despite dis, inhabitants of de former village were not enthusiastic about relocating, wich effectively cut dem off from their existing livelihood of trading insyd archaeological finds.

Plus regard to aesthetic issues, Fathy place emphasis on traditional Nubian architectural designs wich he observe insyd a 1941 trip to de region (enclosed courtyards; vaulted roofing), yielding wat Fathy dey describe as "spacious, lovely, clean, den harmonious houses." He san make use of traditional Nubian ornamental techniques (claustra, a form of mud latticework), as well as vernacular architecture techniques of de Gourna region. Some critics have observe, however, dat Fathy's project for Gourna be not a superlative example of how to prioritize vernacular architecture insyd an urban plan, given dat de domed architecture wey Fathy champion be traditionally use for funerary architecture rather dan residential anaa domestic spaces.

Despite de effort, den san de proper issues he tackle while building New Gourna, through ein publication, Architecture for the Poor Archived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, he describes de "Gourna Experiment" as a failure. He mentions insyd Architecture for the Poor Archived 2022-01-17 at the Wayback Machine , “de Gourna experiment failed."

Dwelling houses in New Gourna

He further describes de sense of failure dat due to de village not being complete den de construction being halt, de theory of mud brick construction was seen even more cranky den impractical. Despite de theory being completely lost, dat there be not anyone dat try to find oda practical ways of getting peasant houses build efficiently. There were more issues he cam across, such as him stating "Dis be because no architect knows de real cost of building." Although he dives further into dat thought, by speaking on how nobody realistically knows de price anaa cost, because we’re at de mercy of de economy. Despite de negative outlooks he dey write these books, he manage to make Gourna a community, den till dis day be still preserve plus only 40% of de original buildings being lost. It's still standing due to being place on de 2010 World Monuments Watch, den UNESCO den World Monuments Fund joined forces.

Later career

Insyd 1953 he return to Cairo, heading de Architectural Section of de Faculty of Fine Arts insyd 1954.

Fathy's next major engagement be designing den supervising school construction for Egypt's Ministry of Education.

Through ein work of de years, den especially after New Gourna, he target bureaucracy being one of de leading reasons dat de experiment fail, wich influence later actions such as insyd 1957, frustrate plus bureaucracy den convince dat buildings design plus traditional methods appropriate to de climate of de area would speak louder dan words, he move to Athens to collaborate plus international planners evolving de principles of ekistical design under de direction of Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis. He serve as de advocate of traditional natural-energy solutions insyd major community projects for Iraq den Pakistan den undertake​ extended travel den research for de "Cities of de Future" program insyd Africa.

Returning to Cairo insyd 1963, he move to Darb al-Labbana, near de Cairo Citadel, where he live den work for de rest of ein life. He san did public speaking den private consulting. He be a man plus a riveting message insyd an era searching for alternatives insyd fuel, personal interactions, den economic supports.

He leave ein first major international position, at de American Association for the Advancement of Science insyd Boston, insyd 1969 to complete multiple trips per year as a leading critical member of de architectural profession.

Ein participation insyd de first U.N. Habitat conference insyd 1976 insyd Vancouver wich dey follow shortly by two events dat significantly shape de rest of ein activities. He begin to serve on de steering committee for de nascent Aga Khan Award for Architecture den he found den set guiding principles for ein Institute of Appropriate Technology.

He be part insyd 1979 of a colloquium wey dey entitle insyd ein honour 'Architecture for de Poor' in Corsica (France) Alzipratu.

Insyd 1980, dem award am de Balzan Prize for Architecture den Urban Planning den de Right Livelihood Award.

Fathy design de mosque den madrasa, constructed plus adobe, at Dar al-Islam, an educational center near Abiquiú, New Mexico, US. De main buildings be complete insyd 1981, den Dar al-Islam open insyd 1982.

Death

Hassan Fathy die of natural causes for November 30, 1989, at ein home insyd Cairo, Egypt.

The remains of a house in New Gourna

Legacy

Dem bell Fathy Egypt's best-known architect since Imhotep.Template:By whom

Fathy's New Gourna project be applaud insyd a popular British weekly insyd 1947 den soon after insyd a British professional journal; further articles be publish insyd Spanish, French den insyd Dutch. Later, Fathy would author a book on de New Gourna project, initially publish by Cairo's Ministry of Culture insyd a limited edition insyd 1969, wey dey entitle Gourna: A Tale of Two Villages. Insyd 1973 e be republish by de University of Chicago as Architecture for the Poor: An Experiment in Rural Egypt.

A full appreciation of de importance of Fathy's contribution to world architecture becam clear only as de twentieth century waned. Climatic conditions, public health considerations, den ancient craft skills san affect ein design decisions. Based on de structural massing of ancient buildings, Fathy incorporated dense brick walls den traditional courtyard forms to provide passive cooling. Fathy san be renow for having revive de traditional Nubian vault.Template:Nonspecific

National Life Stories conduct an oral history interview (C467/37) plus Hassan Fathy insyd 1986 for its Architects Lives' collection wey dey hold by de British Library. Hassan Fathy made use of windcatchers and other passive cooling and passive ventilation methods from traditional architecture. He wrote a book on them.