Ghanaian Pidgin English
| Subclass of | English  |
|---|---|
| Country | Ghana |
| Indigenous to | Greater Accra Region |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Ethnologue language status | 3 Wider Communication |
| Described at URL | https://apics-online.info/contributions/16 |
| Wikimedia language code | gpe |
Ghanaian Pidgin English (GhaPE),[1] be Ghanaian English-lexifier pidgin (dem sanso know am as Pidgin, Broken English, den Kru English (kroo brofo insyd Akan). GhaPE be regional variety of West African Pidgin English[2] wey dem dey speak for Ghana insyd, predominantly insyd de southern capital, Accra, den towns wey dey surround am.[1] Dem dey confine am to smaller section of society dan oda West African creoles, wey ebe more stigmatized,[1] perhaps secof de importance of Twi, Akan dialect,[3] dem often dey speak am as lingua franca.[4] Oda languages dem dey speak as lingua franca for Ghana insyd be Standard Ghanaian English (SGE) den Akan.[5] Dem no fi consider GhaPE creole as e get no L1 speakers.[6]
Dem fi divide GhaPE go two varieties, dem refer to as "uneducated" anaa "non-institutionalized" pidgin den "educated" anaa "institutionalized" pidgin. Dem associate de former terms plus uneducated anaa illiterate people den de latter dem acquire den dem dey use for institutions such as universities insyd[1][7] wey dem dey influence am by Standard Ghanaian English.[3][8]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Huber, Magnus (1 January 1999). Ghanaian Pidgin English in its West African Context. Varieties of English Around the World. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. doi:10.1075/veaw.g24. ISBN 978-90-272-4882-4.
- ↑ McArthur, Tom (23 April 1998). The English Languages (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9780511621048.008. ISBN 978-0-521-48130-4.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Amoako, Joe K.Y.B. (1992). "Ghanaian Pidgin English: In Search of Synchronic, Diachronic, and Sociolinguistic Evidence" (Ph.D. Dissertation). University of Florida at Gainesville.
- ↑ Dako, Kari (24 February 2004). "Student Pidgin (SP): the Language of the Educated Male Elite". Research Review of the Institute of African Studies. 18 (2): 53–62. doi:10.4314/rrias.v18i2.22862. ISSN 0855-4412. S2CID 146536980.
- ↑ Yakpo, Kofi (1 January 2016). ""The only language we speak really well": the English creoles of Equatorial Guinea and West Africa at the intersection of language ideologies and language policies". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2016 (239). doi:10.1515/ijsl-2016-0010. ISSN 0165-2516. S2CID 147057342.
- ↑ Huber, Magnus (19 December 2008). "Ghanaian Pidgin English: Morphology and Syntax". In Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W. (eds.). A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool. Vol. 2. Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 866–878. doi:10.1515/9783110197181-123. ISBN 978-3-11-019718-1. S2CID 241854285.
- ↑ Huber, Magnus (2008). "Ghanaian Pidgin English: Phonology". In Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W. (eds.). A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool. Vol. 1. Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 866–873. doi:10.1515/9783110197181-053. S2CID 243085546.
- ↑ Ewusi, Kelly Jo Trennepohl (2015). "Communicational Strategies in Ghanaian Pidgin English: Turn-Taking, Overlap and Repair" (Ph.D. Dissertation). Indiana University.